The idea of sustainability is intrinsically normative. Thus, understanding the role of normativity in sustainability discourses is crucial for further developing sustainability science. In this article, we analyze three important documents that aim to advance sustainability and explore how they organize norms in relation to sustainability. The three documents are: the Pope’s Encyclical Laudato Si’, the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. We show that understanding the role of different types of norms in the three documents can help understand normative features of both scientific and non-scientific sustainability discourses. We present the diverse system of norms in a model that interrelates three different levels: macro, meso, and micro. Our model highlights how several processes affect the normative orientation of nations and societies at the meso-level in different ways. For instance, individual ethical norms at the micro-level, such as personal responsibility, may help decelerate unsustainable consumerism at the aggregate meso-level. We also show that techno-scientific norms at the macro-level representing global indicators for sustainability may accelerate innovations. We suggest that our model can help better organize normative features of sustainability discourses and, therefore, to contribute to the further development of sustainability science.
The notion of »the problematic« has changed its meaning within the history of power and knowledge since the early 20th century, leading up to today's performative, neocybernetic fascination with generalized management ideas and technocratic models of science. This book explores central scenes, conceptual elaborations, and practical affiliations of what historically has been called »the problem« or »the problematic«. By way of considering modes of problematization as modes of inhabitation, intervention, and transformation the contributions map its current conceptual-political uses as well as onto-epistemological challenges. Thus, »problematization« is positioned as a critical concept that links, often in intricate ways, several currents from speculative philosophy to the formation of interdisciplinary fields. The »problematic«, as it turns out, has been the source of change in philosophy and the sciences all along.
The historicisation of ontology gained profound traction in a truly pluralistic perspective not long ago when anthropologists started to study ontologies in comparative ways without recasting alien concepts onto abstract modern terms. Although the beginning of these efforts can be dated back to the 1980s, considering for example Marilyn Strathern's The Gender of the Gift (1988), it is only recently that it was expressed programmatically with Charbonnier et al.'s Comparative Metaphysics: Ontology After Anthropology (2016). See also Viveiros de Castro's Cannibal Metaphysics (2014) for a sense of the intricacies of a truly pluralist universe and the role of concepts therein. For a history of the concept of problems in the history of philosophy from antiquity onwards, see Bianco (2018).
workshop-thinking-the-problematic.html. without recasting alien concepts onto abstract modern terms. Although the beginning of these efforts can be dated back to the 1980s, considering for example Marilyn Strathern's The Gender of the Gift (1988), it is only recently that it was expressed programmatically with Charbonnier et al.'s Comparative Metaphysics: Ontology After Anthropology (2016). See also Viveiros de Castro's Cannibal Metaphysics (2014) for a sense of the intricacies of a truly pluralist universe and the role of concepts therein. For a history of the concept of problems in the history of philosophy from antiquity onwards, see Bianco (2018).
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