Castor bean is an alternative to many grain production areas, mainly as crop for the second season after soybean. In this scenario, there is demand for research on management of plants, resulting from remaining seeds of soybean after harvest. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of post-emergence herbicides for the control of volunteer soybean in the castor crop. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications. The first assay was focused on the selectivity of herbicides to the castor crop, and the second to the efficacy of herbicides for soybean con trol. Evaluation of herbicide selectivity for the castor cultivar BRS Energia was carried out at 4 to 6 true leave stages. The treatments corresponded to two doses of ethoxysulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl, ioxynil, metamitron, oxadiazon and a control without any application. To evaluate the control efficacy of soybean cultivar BRS 3280RR in 3 trefoil stage, the treatments were comprised of two doses of ethoxysulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, metamitron and a control without application. The evaluations were: control, phytointoxication and plant height at 7, 14 and 21 DAA; stem diameter, leaf area, dry mass of aerial part and roots at 21 DAA. The results showed that herbicides ethoxysulfuron (60 and 80 g ha ) and halosulfuron-methyl (75 and 112.5 g ha -1) were effective for the volunteer soybean control.
Single-cell RNAseq has allowed unprecedented insight into gene expression across different cell populations in normal tissue and disease states. However, almost all studies rely on annotated gene sets to capture gene expression levels and sequencing reads that do not align to known genes are discarded. Here, we discover thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expressed in human mammary epithelial cells and analyze their expression in individual cells of the normal breast. We show that lncRNA expression alone can discriminate between luminal and basal cell types and define subpopulations of both compartments. Clustering cells based on lncRNA expression identified additional basal subpopulations, compared to clustering based on annotated gene expression, suggesting that lncRNAs can provide an additional layer of information to better distinguish breast cell subpopulations. In contrast, these breast-specific lncRNAs poorly distinguish brain cell populations, highlighting the need to annotate tissue-specific lncRNAs prior to expression analyses. We also identified a panel of 100 breast lncRNAs that could discern breast cancer subtypes better than protein-coding markers. Overall, our results suggest that lncRNAs are an unexplored resource for new biomarker and therapeutic target discovery in the normal breast and breast cancer subtypes.
Single-cell RNAseq has allowed unprecedented insight into gene expression across different cell populations in normal tissue and disease states. However, almost all studies rely on annotated gene sets to capture gene expression levels and sequencing reads that do not align to known genes are discarded. Here, we discover thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expressed in human mammary epithelial cells and analyze their expression in individual cells of the normal breast. The human mammary epithelium is a highly dynamic tissue, composed of three main cell populations, basal, luminal progenitor and luminal mature cells, that can originate different subtypes of breast cancer. We show that lncRNA expression alone can discriminate between luminal and basal cell types and define subpopulations of both compartments. Clustering cells based on lncRNA expression identified additional basal subpopulations, compared to clustering based on annotated gene expression, suggesting that lncRNAs can provide an additional layer of information to better distinguish breast cell subpopulations. In contrast, breast-specific lncRNAs poorly distinguish brain cell populations, highlighting the need to annotate tissue-specific lncRNAs prior to expression analyses. Overall, our results suggest that lncRNAs are an unexplored resource for new biomarker and therapeutic target discovery in the normal breast and breast cancer subtypes.
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