DEFB1 polymorphisms may promote persistent S. aureus colonization by altering β-defensin expression in keratinocytes of human skin.

Background: N-Acetylmuramic acid ␣-1-phosphate (MurNAc-␣1-P) uridylyltransferase MurU contributes to a shortcut in Pseudomonas putida cell wall biosynthesis accounting for intrinsic fosfomycin resistance. Results: This work provides the first structural analysis of a MurNAc-␣1-P uridylyltransferase. Conclusion: MurNAc-␣1-P and UTP are coordinated at distinct sites in the active center. Significance: The presented structure represents a "minimal nucleotidyltransferase domain" and may provide structural guidelines for inhibitor design.