The tau levels in CSF may contribute to the clinical distinction between AD and DLB. Beta-amyloid CSF levels are similar in both dementia disorders and reflect disease progression better than tau levels. Interleukin CSF concentrations do not distinguish between AD and DLB.
Recent studies have shown that progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) could be inherited, but the pattern of inheritance and the spectrum of the clinical findings in relatives are unknown. We here report 12 pedigrees, confirmed by pathology in four probands, with familial PSP. Pathological diagnosis was confirmed according to recently reported internationally agreed criteria. The spectrum of the clinical phenotypes in these families was variable including 34 typical cases of PSP (12 probands plus 22 secondary cases), three patients with postural tremor, three with dementia, one with parkinsonism, two with tremor, dystonia, gaze palsy and tics, and one with gait disturbance. The presence of affected members in at least two generations in eight of the families and the absence of consanguinity suggests autosomal dominant transmission with incomplete penetrance. We conclude that hereditary PSP is more frequent than previously thought and that the scarcity of familial cases may be related to a lack of recognition of the variable phenotypic expression of the disease.
Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome (SROS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown aetiology, most frequently sporadic. Familial cases of SROS have been described. An intronic polymorphism of the tau gene is associated with sporadic SROS and mutations of the tau gene are present in atypical cases of SROS. The role of tau has been excluded in other families with pathology proven SROS, suggesting that this syndrome may have multiple causes. An 82-year-old patient, father of 3 children with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism due to combined heterozygous mutations of the parkin gene, developed clinical features of SROS 2 years before death. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. He carried the C212Y mutation of the parkin gene and was homozygous for the A0 polymorphism and for the H1 haplotype. The role of parkin in the processing of tau is discussed.
The squeezing spectrum of the fluorescent light is investigated for a laser-driven three-level atom of the ⌳ configuration when quantum interference of the decay channels is accounted for. We show that when the two atomic transitions contribute to the detected fluorescence field, squeezing at certain frequency intervals is obtained in both the weak-and the high-Rabi-frequency regimes even for equally decay rates of the transitions. Unlike in two-level atoms in free space, squeezing can be obtained in both the in-phase and out-of-phase quadrature spectra although in different spectral regions. We also show that the squeezing spectrum can be controlled by an adequate selection of the Rabi frequencies and atomic detunings. Another remarkable effect is that squeezing can be achieved with proper relative phases of the driving fields. We provide an analytical description in the dressed basis which accounts for the main features of the squeezing spectra obtained from the numerical work.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.