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The sustainability approach applied to tourism has been taking shape as a dominant paradigm in tourism research, as well as becoming a requirement to achieve tourism competitiveness. This paper focuses specifically on the application of both concepts to protected areas, as tourist destinations. A bibliometric approach is adopted to provide information about the patterns and trends in the accumulation of knowledge related to this field, as well as to map its social, conceptual, and intellectual structure. Both evaluative and relational techniques are used to analyse the papers published until August 2019 and collected in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. The results indicate that the research field has experienced significant growth in the last decade, with institutions of the USA and Australia as stimuli of scientific progress in this field. This study finds eight thematic clusters, although there is subject dispersion within each cluster, linked to the emerging and multidisciplinary nature of the field. Based on the working lines open, the study also identifies possible future approaches, linked to the incorporation of the perspectives and objectives of the different stakeholders, and the development of indicators to monitor and control dimensions of interest.

Neste trabalho indagamos sobre possíveis diferenças no comportamento empreendedor em turismo rural; estabelecemos características e dimensões motivadoras em função do gênero. Num exemplo representativo de estabelecimentos de turismo rural da Comunidade Autônoma da Galiza (Espanha), encontramos relação entre gênero e importância da compatibilização de atividades agrárias e tumrísticas, e entre gênero e perfil das motivações para empreender atividades de turismo rural. As mulheres estão mais motivadas por elementos do âmbito econômico e, portanto, na tomada de decisões, têm mais relevância os critérios de racionalidade econômica unidos à estratégia de diversificação da atividade agrária em favor da sobrevivência financeira. Ao contrário do estabelecido na maior parte da literatura, os fatores de índole social, familiar ou institucional têm a mesma importância para homens e mulheres. Aliás, verificase a ausência de relação entre gênero e características pessoais (como idade e formação e necessidades financeiras do empreendedor).
In this paper we establish entrepreneurship characteristics and motivational dimension by gender. Analyzing a representative sample of rural tourism establishments of the Autonomous Community of Galicia (Spain), we seek behavioural differences between gender holders. Relationship is found between gender and reconciliation and importance of agricultural activities by owner, and between gender and profile of the motivations to start tourism activity. Female entrepreneurs are more motivated by elements in the economic sphere and, therefore, have a greater role in decision-making rational economic criteria and diversification of agriculture

Purpose -The aim of this article is to gain insight into some of the factors that determine personnel-training efforts in companies introducing advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs).The study provides empirical evidence from a sector with high rates of technological modernisation. Design/methodology/approach -Ad hoc survey of 90 firms in the manufacturing sector with advanced manufacturing technologies in production processes. Findings -Managerial decision to develop training is determined by a factor that is extraneous to the investment in new production technologies, that is to say, recruitment policies. As for the existence of a specific training budget, implementation of AMTs does not appear to determine a company's decision to allocate specific budget items to personnel-training programmes. It is concluded that training policies are strongly influenced by factors outside the inner context of the organisation. Research limitations/implications -Similar research could be conducted on informal corporate training, working with additional variables to determine how they affect company training policies. The propositions were tested in a specific industry and area. Further research would be convenient in different regions and sectors.

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