This article deals with the heterogeneously catalyzed aldol condensation reactions. The convenience of heterogeneous operation compared to the traditional homogeneous processes is first discussed from the environmental point of view. The effect of the operating conditions such as liquid‐ or gas‐phase reactions, use of metallic, acidic, or basic catalysts, and high or low temperature on the reaction selectivity is also presented. The base‐catalyzed aldol condensation mechanism is thoroughly discussed. Several examples of carbonyl and carbonyl–derived compounds synthesized by aldol‐like reactions such as Knoevenagel, Claisen–Schmidt, and Michael condensations on basic catalysts are presented as well as the catalytic systems useful in the synthesis of solvents, pharmaceuticals, and other fine chemicals. Finally, the less known acid‐catalyzed pathway is presented, and examples of acidic catalysts are reported.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.