The objective of this work was to determine the most appropriate pre-germinative treatment of seeds and sowing depth for the production of Erythrina verna seedlings. For this, the following pre-germinative treatments were initially studied: control (intact seeds); mechanical scarification on the area opposite to hilum, with the help of sandpaper number 80; mechanical scarification on the raphe region, with the help of sandpaper number 80; soaking in water for 24 hours. In a second experiment, the seeds were sown at the depths of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 cm. After 15 days, we evaluated the percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, shoot length and seedling root length, dry weight of shoot and root dry mass of seedlings. The seeds of Erythrina verna present coat dormancy that can be broken by mechanical scarification in the area opposite to the hilum. The seedlings present the best physiological quality when seeds are sowing at 1 to 3 cm depth, where the highest percentages of emergence, speed of emergence index, length of shoot and length root and shoot dry mass are obtained. Keywords: Mulungu; dormancy; ornamental species; landscape. RESUMOEste trabalho objetivou determinar o melhor tratamento pré-germinativo de sementes e a profundidade de semeadura mais adequada para a produção de mudas de Erythrina verna. Para isso, os seguintes tratamentos pré-germinativos foram estudados: testemunha (sementes intactas), escarificação mecânica na região oposta ao hilo com auxílio de lixa n o 80, escarificação mecânica na região da rafe com auxílio de lixa n o 80, embebição em água por 24 horas. Em um segundo experimento, as sementes foram semeadas nas profundidades de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 cm. Após 15 dias avaliou-se a porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e comprimento da raiz das plântulas, massa seca de parte aérea e massa seca de raiz das plântulas. As sementes de Erythrina verna apresentam dormência tegumentar que pode ser superada pela escarificação mecânica na região oposta ao hilo. As plântulas apresentam a melhor qualidade fisiológica quando as sementes são semeadas à profundidade de 1 a 3 cm, onde a maior porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz e massa seca da parte aérea são obtidos. Palavras-chave: Mulungu; dormência; espécie ornamental, paisagismo.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi quantificar as modificações impostas sobre a densidade, porosidade e teor de carbono orgânico, em áreas de Cerrado, eucalipto e plantio direto com rotação de milho e pastagem na Fazenda Santa Terezinha, município de Uberaba – MG. Foram coletadas amostras deformadas nas camadas de 0 - 20 cm e 20 - 40 cm para determinação do carbono orgânico dos solos (COS) e análise granulométrica, além de amostras indeformadas para as análises de densidade do solo (Ds), microporosidade (Mi), macroporosidade (Ma) e porosidade total (Pt). Constatou-se maior concentração de COS nas camadas superficiais e maiores teores COS no uso em SPD com milho comparativamente a área do Cerrado. A Ds é maior na camada superficial da PA e PDM. Enquanto, que em subsuperfície esta característica é modificada, sendo o valor para o CE igual ao da PA, e o do EUC igual ao do PDM. A Ma, Mi e Pt mostram uma similaridade de valores entre o CE e EUC, sendo o primeiro considerado ambiente ideal por ser área de vegetação nativa. Enquanto que para PA e PDM os resultados foram semelhantes e se distanciaram das características de um pedoambiente ideal.
Management and land use is one of the practices that tend to modify the chemical characteristics of the topsoil by tillage and deployment of diverse cultures isolated or consortium. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the availability of cations (calcium, aluminum and magnesium) and influence the potential of zero charge and the point and salt effect null in oxisols under different management systems and use (preserved Cerrado, eucalyptus monoculture, corn under no-tillage and pasture with baquiária grass) in the Triângulo Mineiro region. Noting that the use and soil management changes the electrochemical conditions and a correlation between the availability of calcium and magnesium, with potential of zero charge and the point and salt effect null of the soils, but shows no correlation with the organic matter for the Cerrado soils in use with corn, pasture, eucalyptus and native Cerrado vegetation.
Intensive soil use without a management plan based on its structures and limitations is the main cause of soil erosion and degradation. The physical properties changes of a studied agricultural area are evaluated by comparing with an area that did not suffer any modification caused by human activities, which is considered the ideal soil condition. This research evaluated the alterations in the hydrophysical properties and the organic carbon content of a Eutrophic Yellow Oxysol under different use and management systems in the Triângulo Mineiro, an important agriculture region in Brazil. The systems studied were, Cerrado with typical stricto sensu vegetation preserved for over 30 years; eucalyptus planted about 30 years ago, without fertilizer or cultivation since the implantation period; corn grown under the no tillage system intercropped with pasture; and Brachiaria sp. under no-tillage intercropped with corn, managed with cattle and annually fertilized with turkey litter. The soil bulk density, total porosity, size distribution of the pores, flocculation degree, geometric mean diameter, water infiltration and organic carbon were evaluated. The effects of land use and management system alterations on soil physical properties were similar at both depths, except the geometric mean diameter, which was higher in the surface layer. The eucalyptus and no-tillage systems with corn and pasture recovered the soil organic carbon contents as compared to the preserved Cerrado area, which was more significant in the surface layer. The soil with native Cerrado vegetation presented faster infiltration in relation to other systems followed by, in descending order, the areas planted with eucalyptus, pasture and corn. The infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration curves were similar to values obtained in the field.
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