Objective: To describe the profile and trend of overall and cause-specific mortality, during the period 2002-2014, of the departments of the Pacific region of Colombia: Cauca, Chocó, Nariño and Valle del Cauca. Methodology: Descriptiveecological study that uses secondary data on mortality, births and population projections from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (dane). Annual overall and causespecific mortality rates were calculated (by age, sex and for six large groups of causes of death), using the short list of causes of death 6/67 of the Pan American Health Organization (paho) (communicable diseases, neoplasms/tumors, diseases of the circulatory system, conditions originating in the perinatal period, external causes and other causes). Trends were evaluated using a Poisson regression model with random effects. Results: Higher mortality was found in males (male/female ratio between 1.26-1.61) and in the population over 65 years of age. A downward trend was observed in overall mortality in the four departments, with Valle del Cauca having the highest overall and causespecific mortality rates. The main cause of death, and with an upward trend, were diseases of the circulatory system, followed by other causes, external causes and neoplasms. Conclusions: Overall mortality showed a downward trend, of greater magnitude in men, and differential risk according to sex from 15-19 years attributed to the group of external causes. The main cause of death was diseases of the circulatory system, followed by all other causes and neoplasms. External causes showed a marked downward trend.
RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue describir las prevalencias de bajo peso al nacer a término y las desigualdades socio-geográficas entre los municipios y regiones de Colombia. Se realizó un estudio ecológico longitudinal a partir de los registros de estadísticas vitales del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) de 1096 municipios de Colombia entre los años 2000 y 2014. La población de estudio fueron 7.514.492 nacidos vivos a término, de partos de único feto de madres entre 15 a 45 años. Se ajustó un modelo jerárquico bayesiano para la estimación de riesgos relativos suavizados y sus intervalos de credibilidad (95%). Como resultados se encontró que la prevalencia de bajo peso al nacer en Colombia fue de 2,28 (2,26-2,29), con una tendencia a la reducción pasando de 2,80 en el 2000 a 1,79 en el 2014. Se observaron desigualdades territoriales, en donde los municipios más pobres y menos desarrollados mostraron mayores riesgos de bajo peso al nacer a término, tendencia que se mantuvo a lo largo del periodo analizado. En conclusión, existe una tendencia a la disminución de bajo peso al nacer a término en Colombia, para cada una de sus regiones y un gradiente social negativo.
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