Purpose: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) emerges as an innovative alternative for the management of neuropathic pain, rTMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique which induces electrical currents in the nervous tissue of the cortex. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rTMS in the management of oncological and non- oncological neuropathic pain. Methods: The search was performed in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, SCOPUS and LILACS. Inclusion criteria were 1) population: Male and female between 18 and 85 years with oncologic and non-oncologic neuropathic pain; 2) intervention: Treated with Transcranial magnetic stimulation; 3) comparison: Inactive control groups, and parallel active interventions; and 4) outcome: Primary outcome was modulation of pain. Secondary outcomes were quality of life and adverse effects. Risk of bias and quality of study reporting were also assessed. Results: The search found 1116 articles, with 18 articles meeting the PICO criteria. 9 ECAS and 9 observational studies. The total sample was 707 patients, the number of sessions ranges from a single session to 15 sessions, with an average of 3.5 sessions. Follow-up was variable. The Follow-up vary from 7 to 311.8 days, with an average of 45 days. Pain reduction was obtained in the 18 studies. Conclusion: rTMS may be and effective therapeutic option to treat neuropathic pain. We found moderate quality of evidence for pain modulation; for quality of life the results are uncertain to determine changes, due to very low evidence. Additional research effort is needed to reduce bias and improve quality.
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