Cognitive rehabilitation associated with AChE-I treatment can potentially be useful to stabilize or improve cognitive and functional performance of patients with mild Alzheimer's disease and can reduce caregivers' psychiatric symptoms.

RESUMO -Objetivo: Apresentar resultados preliminares do 'tratamento combinado' (inibidor da acetilcolinesterase + treinamento cognitivo), em um grupo de pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA) leve, acompanhados por 7 meses. Método: Seis pacientes com diagnóstico de DA leve, de acordo com critérios diagnósticos da CID-10 e NINCDS-ADRDA, foram submetidos a ensaio clínico aberto com Rivastigmina, 6-12 mg/dia, por 2 meses, seguido por grupo de reabilitação cognitiva semanal, por 5 meses. Os familiares/cuidadores foram atendidos em grupo semanal de suporte e aconselhamento, por 5 meses. Resultados: Ao final do acompanhamento, houve: estabilização ou discreta melhora dos déficits cognitivos e das atividades de vida diária dos pacientes; estabilização ou redução dos níveis de depressão e ansiedade nos pacientes e familiares. Conclusão: O 'tratamento combinado' pode auxiliar na estabilização ou resultar em leve melhora dos déficits cognitivos e funcionais de pacientes com DA leve. As intervenções de suporte e aconselhamento podem reduzir o nível de sintomas psiquiátricos de seus familiares.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: demência, doença de Alzheimer, inibidor da acetilcolinesterase, reabilitação cognitiva, atividades de vida diária, cuidadores. This study aims to show preliminary results of the 'combined treatment' (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor + cognitive training) on a group of mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, followed-up for 7 months. Methods: Six mild AD patients, diagnosed according to ICD-10 and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, were included on a open trial with Rivastigmine, 6-12 mg/day, for 2 months, followed by a weekly cognitive rehabilitation group, for 5 months. Caregivers were submitted to a weekly group of counseling and support for 5 months. Results: Stabilization or mild improvement of patients' cognitive and activities of daily living deficits were found, besides reduction of patients and caregivers' depressive and anxiety levels. Conclusion: The 'combined treatment' can help on the stabilization or result on a mild improvement of AD patients' cognitive and functional deficits. Support and counseling interventions can reduce the levels of caregivers' psychiatric symptoms. A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma doença cerebral degenerativa, caracterizada por perda progressiva da memória e de outras funções cognitivas, que prejudicam o paciente em suas atividades de vida diária e em seu desempenho social e ocupacional. A DA pode ser divida em três fases -leve, moderada e grave -de acordo com o nível de comprometimento cognitivo e o grau de dependência do indivíduo.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) gradually lose their cognitive competence, particularly memory, and the ability to perform daily life tasks. Neuropsychological rehabilitation is used to improve cognitive functions by facilitating memory performance through the use of external aids and internal strategies. The effect of neuropsychological rehabilitation through memory training -motor movements, verbal association, and categorization -and activities of daily living (ADL) training was tested in a sample of 5 elderly out-patients (mean age: 77.4 ± 2.88 years), with mild AD (Mini-Mental State Examination score: 22.20 ± 2.17) and their caregivers. All patients had been taking rivastigmine (6-12 mg/day) for at least 3 months before being assigned to the rehabilitation sessions, and they continued to take the medication during the whole program. Just before and after the 14-week neuropsychological rehabilitation program all patients were assessed by interviewers that did not participate in the cognitive training, using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montgomery-Alsberg Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Interview to Determine Deterioration in Functioning in Dementia, Functional Test, Memory Questionnaire of Daily Living for patient and caregiver, Quality of Life Questionnaire for patient and caregiver, and a neuropsychological battery. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in ADL measured by Functional Test (P = 0.04), and only a small improvement in memory and psychiatric symptoms. Our results support the view that weekly stimulation of memory and training of ADL is believed to be of great value in AD treatment, not only delaying the progress of the disease, but also improving some cognitive functions and ADL, even though AD is a progressively degenerative disease.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this review is to describe the management of the child with TB and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). To develop this article, a working group reviewed relevant epidemiological and other scientific studies and established practices in conducting LBTI and TB in children. The article describes how to manage the child with LTBI, considering transmission and infectiousness of tuberculosis, contact screening and prioritization of contacts and recommendations on treatment of children with LTBI and how to manage the child with TB considering the susceptibility of children to developing tuberculosis, epidemiology and classification of tuberculosis in children, diagnosis and treatment.