The separation of Petunia sensu Wijsman and Calibrachoa was supported by chloroplast DNA analysis. Two groups in the Calibrachoa were also recognized with a high degree of confidence.
Petunia axillaris occurs in temperate South America and consists of three allopatric subspecies: axillaris, parodii, and subandina. Previous studies have revealed that subsp. axillaris is self-incompatible (SI), subsp. parodii is self-compatible (SC) in Uruguay, and subsp. subandina is SC in Argentina. The SI/SC status over the entire distribution range is not completely understood, however. The objective of this study was to examine the overall SI/SC status of the respective subspecies in comparison with floral morphology. The results confirmed that subsp. parodii and subsp. subandina were SC throughout the distribution range, and that subsp. axillaris was also SC in Brazil and in most of the Argentinean territory. The SI P. axillaris occurs in the natural population only between 34 and 36 degrees S, along the eastern shore of South America. The Brazilian and Uruguayan subsp. axillaris differed in SI/SC status and floral morphology. We discuss the cause of this difference.
The anti-inflammatory active fraction of the Paraguayan crude drug, "Alhucema," Lavandula latifolia Vill. afforded four compounds: coumarin (1), 7-methoxycoumarin (2), trans-phytol (3) and caryophyllene oxide (4). 1 showed a weakly inhibitory effect on carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats on topical application and 4 showed an inhibitory effect on histamine-induced contraction in guinea pig ileum.
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