The house fly, Musca domestica, is a significant pest of Man and his livestock mainly because of its disease vectoring capacities and the fact that it constitutes a serious nuisance. Several cultural chemical and biological measures have been used to reduce house fly populations. Despite the fact of the known hazards this insect can pose, there are certain benefits man can gain through the utilization of this insect. Utilization of house fly can serve as an alternate protein source for livestock, a possible forensic indicator and can be implemented in the wastes management that has organic origins. However, to achieve the full utility of these flies, several challenges have to be surmounted.
Background and purpose: The insecticidal potential of Carica papaya (male and female species), and Spondias mombin were tested against the developmental stages of the malaria vector; Anopheles gambiae in the laboratory at an ambient condition. Materials and Methods: Methanolic leaves extracts of S. mombin and C. papaya (male and female species) were carried out using cold extraction method. The extracts were evaporated and concentrated using a rotary evaporator under low pressure to make solvent-free. The An. gambiae larvae and pupae were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% concentrations of the plant methanolic extracts for 24 hours and their mortality was recorded. Results: Results indicated that C. papaya (male species) caused significantly higher mortality of the An. gambiae larvae and pupae than the other plant extract tested (p< 0.05). It caused 100% larval mortality and 95% pupal mortality at 0.5% concentration. However, it was observed that the larvae were more susceptible to the extracts of all the plants tested. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and log probit analysis. Conclusion: All the three medicinal plants screened in this work showed high potency to induce mortality of both the larval and pupal stages of the malaria vector and could consequently be used to reduce malaria prevalence in the endemic areas of Nigeria.
Disease in any form is undesirable in any human population. Malaria is a communicable disease that is vectored by female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is the leading vector transmitted disease in terms of the number of morbidity and mortality accounting for over 200 million cases annually. Several control measures have been employed by man over the years to control the vector which will in turn lead to the control of the diseases with the popular ones involving the use of insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying of insecticides. However, these control measures have their various pitfalls. The use of genetically modified mosquitoes (GMMs) through bioengineering may be a promising method of reducing malaria vector population in our environment. This process involves population replacement technique (PRT) and population suppression techniques (PST). With proper integration of GMMs into the already existing control measures employed in the management of mosquitoes, a remarkable decrease in the prevalence of malaria is envisaged.
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