The Sub-Saharan African region is considered to be the most susceptible to the effects of climate change. The region's climate is influenced by several factors, the most notable of which is increased variation in development. The conglomerate between the financial sector and environmental quality (EQ) has been a priority for policymakers and analysts. This study looked at the complex relationships between financial development (FD) and environmental quality, as well as the position of economic growth (EG), from the perceptions of the five sub-national economies, from 1980 to 2017. The study tested the EKC hypothesis across the sub-regions. We employed the panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model in a generalized method of moment framework to investigate the topic. The PVAR result showed that (i) financial development had a negative impact on CO 2 in four geographical regions (Western, Southern, Northern, and Central). As a result, FD in these countries minimizes carbon emissions and enhances the atmosphere. (ii) Also, FD had a positive impact on carbon emissions in Western Africa. As a result, FD in these countries increases CO 2 rather than improving environmental quality. The EKC hypothesis was validated in the Western African sub-region but was rejected in Central and Eastern (u-shape relationship) African subregional economies indicating variations in growth and environmental outcomes among the sub-regional economies. The Granger causality results in the West and Central African republics was a two-way causal connection between EG and CO 2 . The results demonstrate how "EG and CO 2 " and "CO 2 and EG" are intertwined in Western and Central, while most of the relationships were unidirectional. Detailed sub-regional policy recommendations are deliberated.

The main goal of the study is to investigate the integration of financial indicators (bank credit, capital asset, non-performing loans, and liquidity) in the banking sector can bring macroeconomic benefits to the economies of Africa. This article highlights the performance of framework employed by Brzoza-Brzezina and Makarski in a small open economic system with two types of financial frictions. The dataset comprises 13 banks in Africa for the period 2000-2016. We estimated our model by way of the usage of system GMM approach and panel quantile regression technique in which the data was grouped into Northern and Southern Africa. We explore the result of credit apportionment of Banks in the crisis period for African countries. We confirm that both groups of variables have significant influence on credit risk. Although we provide evidence that the marginal effect is stronger for bank credit and non-performing loans than bank liquidity indicating that in Northern Africa countries financial profitability will increase more as a result of increasing bank credit and non-performing loans than bank liquidity.

This paper highlights the effects brought about by the implementation of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) subject in the Zambian primary education curriculum, in Chawama’s, Twatasha and Chimwemwe public primary schools in Lusaka district. This paper used qualitative research design. The three public primary schools of Chawama township in Lusaka district were targeted and were mainly the focus of this study. Both convenience and non-probability sampling techniques were employed. Three research instruments were used in collecting data, namely: semi- structured interviews, focus group interviews, observations and document digging. Data was transcribed, summarized, categorized and interpreted accordingly. Our paper will contribute to the literature within this subject area and will help future researchers to gain insight of the on goings of these issues.

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing supplementary pension contribution among employees of China Railway Group Company Limited. Simple random sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire with close-ended questions was used to solicit data from 421 respondents. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was employed in the analysis of the data. The findings of the study revealed that certain factors such as tax policy and reward system had influences on employees’ decisions to take additional pension schemes besides the mandatory pension schemes. A comfortable retired life of employees depends on the savings made during the days of active service. The study revealed that tax policy positively influenced supplementary pension contribution among employees. Reward system has been considered in many cases as having a positive effect on employee decisions. The findings of the study revealed that reward system positively and significantly influenced supplementary pension contribution among employees. In addition, both tax policy and reward system had influence on employee lifestyle.</p>