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[1] This study presents aspects of the spatial and temporal variability of abyssal water masses in the Ionian Sea, as derived from recent temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and velocity observations and from comparisons between these and former observations. Previous studies showed how in the Southern Adriatic Sea the Adriatic Deep Water (AdDW) became fresher (ΔS % À0.08) and colder (ΔT % À0.1 C) after experiencing warming and salinification between

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Almost 15 centuries ago, people fleeing civil disorder and barbarian invasions after the collapse of the Roman Empire began building houses on low‐lying islands in the middle of a lagoon. These islands later on—in the 10th century—became the city of Venice, the center of the long‐lived Venetian Republic. Surrounded by water, the republic flourished for more than 7 centuries thanks to its strategic position. It fell into decline only at the end of the eighteenth century after being occupied by Napoleon. The early Venetians who built their city on the water to defend it from attacks would never have expected that the water would become the city's most dangerous enemy. In fact, this is what has been going on during the last century Venice risks being destroyed by the very waters that once served as its defense.

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