Many efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of aviation-like NASA's Subsonic Fixed Wing (SFW) Project-place high importance on reducing fuel burn, nitrous oxide (NO X) emissions and noise of future aircraft. However, the environmental and economic impact of a new aircraft is not solely a function of the aircraft's performance, but also how airlines use new aircraft along with other existing aircraft to satisfy the passenger demand for air transportation. In this paper, an optimization problem allocates existing and future aircraft to routes representing commercial air transportation within or to / from the United States. Examining fleetlevel environmental metrics from the optimization problem helps assess how aircraft meeting NASA's SFW goals could impact fleet-level environmental goals established by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Results indicate that goals set forth by IATA for 2050 CO 2 emissions appear attainable with an aircraft allocation to minimize fuel burn and future aircraft that meet the NASA N+2 and N+3 SFW fuel consumption goals. * Projected benefits once technologies are matured and implemented by industry. Benefits vary by vehicle size and mission; N+1 and N+3 values are referenced to a 737-800 with CFM56-7B engines, N+2 values are referenced to a 777-200 with GE90 engines ** ERA's time phased approach includes advancing "long-pole" technologies to TRL 6 by 2015
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