Computer intensive methods have recently been intensively studied in the field of mathematics, statistics, physics, engineering, behavioral and life sciences. Bootstrap is a computer intensive method that can be used to estimate variability of estimators, estimate probabilities and quantile related to test statistics or to construct confidence intervals, explore the shape of distribution of estimators or test statistics and to construct predictive distributions to show their asymptotic behaviors. In this paper, we fitted the classical logistic regression model, and performed both parametric and non-parametric bootstrap for estimating confidence interval of parameters for logistic model and odds ratio. We also conducted test of hypothesis that the prevalence does not depend on age. Conclusions from both bootstrap methods were similar to those of classical logistic regression.
Poultry farmers in Ghana use different strains of layers for egg production with eggs produced being stored for some time before use. This has necessitated a study to determine the effect of strain of layers and extended storage length on internal and external qualities of chicken eggs. A total of three-hundred (300) eggs from 46-week old layer strains were analysed for egg quality in a 3 X 5 factorial experiment involving three layer strains (Lohmann brown, Lohmann white and Black Bovan) and 5 storage periods of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. On each day of the analysis, sixty (60) eggs; 20 each from the three strains were randomly sampled and analysed for the internal and external egg characteristics. Results obtained showed a significant difference (P<0.05) among the three layer strains regarding the major egg quality traits like egg weight, albumen weight, haugh unit and yolk weight with the Black Bovan layer strains being superior to the Lohmann strains. It was also observed that the major egg quality traits like egg weight, albumen weight and haugh unit were significantly (P<0.05) affected with increasing storage length. There was also a significant (P<0.05) interaction effects between strain of layer and length of storage of egg on some important egg quality determinants like egg weight, albumen height and haugh unit. This shows that in order not to compromise the quality of eggs, one must consider the strain of layer to use and how long eggs could be stored before use. Irrespective of the strain of layers and storage period, it was realized that egg weight was more closely associated (P<0.05) with albumen height and weight than the other traits.
In this paper, we introduce the different ways of proving the triangle inequality ku − vk ≤ kuk + kvk, in the Hilbert space. Thus, we prove this triangle inequality through the binomial inequality and also, prove it through the Euclidean norm. The first generalized procedure for proving the triangle inequality is feasible for any even positive integer n. The second alternative proof of the triangle inequality establishes the Euclidean norm of any two vectors in the Hilbert space.
In this paper, xyzw model is introduced which characterizes the solid waste generated by the four departments in the university. Thus, the refuse on the street x, in the gutters y, in the dustbins z and dumpsite w. From the qualitative analysis of xyzw model, it revealed that the refuse in these departments piles up as the time increases indefinitely. Based on the analysis of data from the KNUST campus the refuse keeps on piling up. This reveals that the trucks are not able to adequately carry refuse from three departments: street, gutters and dustbins to the dumpsite as expected by the university authority. This comes as a result of overflows from the dustbins at some vantage points in the university. In practice, the waste in gutters and on street are collected and deposit it in these dustbins (with varying volumes) everyday, but the trucks are not able to convey all the quantum of waste in these dustbins to the dumpsite thereby resulting in refuse pile up on campus of the university
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.