We analyzed the fl oristics and phytosociology of three palm swamps in the municipality of Bela Vista de Goiás, located in the state of Goiás, Brazil, in the central part of the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). Th e fl oristic surveys were conducted monthly from May 2008 to April 2009, and 310 species were recorded (seven bryophytes, 15 ferns and 288 angiosperms). Bryophytes belonged to fi ve genera and fi ve families; ferns belonged to nine genera and nine families; and angiosperms belonged to 134 genera and 45 families. Th e angiosperm families with the highest species richness were Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Asteraceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae and Fabaceae. Th e palm swamps were divided into three zones of increasing humidity: edge, middle and core. Th e number of species was higher in the middle than at the edge and the core. Th e families with the highest cover values were Cyperaceae, Melastomataceae, Arecaceae and Poaceae. Although the palm swamps had been disturbed to varying degrees, those disturbances did not aff ect the fl ora in the middle or the core. Floristic similarity was high between these two zones within a given palm swamp and low between the edges of diff erent palm swamps. Acta Botanica Brasilica 27(1): 205-225. 2013. IntroductionWetlands are environments in which water is the determining factor of abiotic and biotic conditions (Keddy 2000, Steinke & Saito 2008. Th ese areas support several typical animal and plant species and foster a large number of ecological processes that sustain those species (Maltchik et al. 2003), making wetlands some of the most productive environments on the planet (Steinke & Saito 2008).In the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado), despite the dominance of phytophysiognomies on well-drained soils, wetlands such as palm swamps also occur (Meireles et al. 2002). Palm swamps are communities composed of a continuous herb-grass layer, which occupies most of their area, and a tree-shrub layer dominated by individuals of the palm Mauritia fl exuosa L. f. (local name, buriti), with a canopy cover of between 5% and 10% (Ribeiro & Walter 2008).In addition to the diversity of plant species (Araújo et al. 2002, Guimarães et al. 2002, palm swamps present some distinct micro-ecosystems in which there are some plant-animal interactions that are still poorly understood (Oliveira et al. 2009). Th ese environments serve as refuges, food sources and reproduction sites for the aquatic and terrestrial fauna of the adjacent phytophysiognomies (Guimarães et al. 2002). Th ey are also sites of great scenic beauty with economic and sustainable potential for ecotourism and for extractivism involving species such as M. fl exuosa and Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland (capim-dourado, which means "golden grass") by small rural communities (Schmidt et al. 2008).Palm swamps are categorized as areas of permanent preservation, for ensuring the maintenance of springs and the quality of watercourses (Araújo et al. 2002). Although legally protected, palm swamps ha...
Palavras-chave: cerrado, murundu, vegetação, lençol freáticoABSTRACT -(Plant community and abiotic characteristics of a murundu field in Uberlândia, MG). Murundus are small usually round mounds, that often present soil and vegetation different from the surrounding level area. All micro-elevations incountered in a 1.08ha murundu field had their length, width and height measured. The depth of the water table was measured and soil characteristics were obtained within and outside the murundus. All woody plants (lianas, trees, and shrubs) with a diameter of ≥ 5 mm at ground level were identified. A total 434 elevations (31.4% of the total area) were encontered, of which 48 (24.3%) contained woody plants. The mound vegetation comprised 116 species belonging to 72 genera, and 42 families. The depth of the water table for those murunduns with woody plants varied between 99.2 and 206.8cm. The studied soil showed a low content of exchangeable bases, but only slight differences were observed between murundus and level soils. Matayba guianensis Aubl. and Erythroxylum suberosum A. St.-Hil. had the highest densities, while Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. and Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg. showed the highest basal areas. The heigher diversity encountered here in comparison to other published reports may be due to cattle grazing and trampling as well as burning.
A Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) é considerada espécie-chave no ambiente de veredas, sendo escassas as informações sobre sua estrutura populacional para subsidiar a elaboração de estratégias de manejo e conservação. Neste trabalho são avaliadas seis populações da espécie em áreas de veredas com diferentes graus de antropização nos municípios de Bela Vista de Goiás, Silvânia e São Miguel do Passa Quatro, GO, na região nuclear do Cerrado brasileiro. Foram coletados dados de altura de 584 indivíduos, desde plântulas até adultos, sendo amostrados 100 indivíduos por população, com exceção de uma, para a qual foram amostrados 84 indivíduos. A maioria das populações estudadas apresentou curvas de distribuição dos indivíduos em classes de altura em forma de J invertido, característica de populações autorregenerativas. A maior proporção de indivíduos mortos ocorreu no menor intervalo de classe de altura, com a maior expectativa de vida no intervalo de classe de altura entre 3,5 m e 7 m.
As comunidades quilombolas preservam um valioso conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais. Assim, este estudo objetivou realizar o levantamento das plantas medicinais usadas pelas mulheres da Comunidade Quilombola de Piracanjuba - Ana Laura, Piracanjuba, GO. A coleta de dados consistiu em entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram registradas 91 espécies distribuídas em 41 famílias, sendo Fabaceae e Lamiaceae as de maior riqueza em espécies. As espécies citadas foram usadas, principalmente, para tratar problemas das vias respiratórias, sendo a parte vegetal mais utilizada a folha e a principal forma de preparo o chá. A maioria das espécies é nativa e as com o maior número de informantes foram Croton antisyphiliticus, Dysphania ambrosioides, Ricinus communis e Copaifera langsdorffii. As com o valor máximo de concordância de uso foram Stryphnodendron adstringens, Dysphania ambrosioides, Dilodendron bipinnatum, Croton antisyphiliticus, Punica granatum e Curcuma longa. Nenhuma das espécies nativas citadas foi avaliada quanto ao status de ameaça. Logo, existe carência de estudos em prol de avaliar como estão as populações de espécies nativas medicinais no Brasil quanto à ameaça de extinção. A maioria das espécies nativas do presente estudo não é exclusiva do Cerrado, sendo compartilhada principalmente com a Mata Atlântica, Caatinga e Amazônia. O índice de diversidade alto sugere que a comunidade quilombola possui um significativo conhecimento etnobotânico ao utilizar uma grande quantidade de espécies. Entretanto, o desmatamento do Cerrado está ameaçando este conhecimento tradicional, pois o local onde as entrevistadas buscavam as plantas deste domínio fitogeográfico não existe mais.
Initiatives directed at managing information on aquatic plants can support different areas of scientific research, educational practices and political decisions for sustainable management and protection of wetlands and natural resources, as well as reveal knowledge gaps regarding aquatic plants and wetlands. Furthermore, such initiatives can contribute directly to consolidating wetland classification systems in Brazil. The objectives of this work are to present and explore the use of a data repository and online platform created specifically for the management of data on aquatic plants in Brazil. The data repository for aquatic plants was developed to store information on species occurrence records in a standardized form considering: systematics, taxonomy, habit, life form, geographic distribution, hydrographic basin, wetland, bibliographic references and herbarium material. A total of 3,903 records referring to the Southeast Region of Brazil were generated for the data repository. This total encompassed 1,036 species distributed among 132 families and 466 genera. Our results illustrate the diversity of information available regarding aquatic plants, circumscribe this group of species and serve as a source of data about them. Similar databases and electronic infrastructures can be developed for other flora in the future.
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