Aim. The ratification of the Paris Agreement by Ukraine envisages an increase in the ability to adapt to the negative effects of climate change, as well as promoting low carbon development so as not to endanger food production. At the same time, water resources, on the one hand, are one of the most vulnerable to climate change components of the environment from the state of which the food security of the country depends directly, and on the other hand, the activity of the water management complex causes the emergence of both direct and indirect carbon footprint. Therefore, an indispensable prerequisite for sustainable low carbon development is the assessment of the carbon footprint of the main sectors of Ukraine's water management complex and the identification of priority measures for their decarbonisation and adaptation to expected climate change. Methods. The methodological basis for the assessment of the carbon footprint of the main sectors of the water management complex was the life cycle method (LCA), by which, based on the open data of the National Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions from Sources and Absorption by Greenhouse Gas Absorbers in Ukraine and the statistical analysis of the results of previous studies. By means of systematic analysis of the main factors of greenhouse gas emission in the water management complex of Ukraine, the priority directions of its decarbonisation and adaptation to climate change were determined. Results. The estimated carbon footprint of Ukraine's water complex in 2017 was estimated to be 5.15 million tons of CO2-equiv, which was 1.6% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine in 2017, and taking into account the potential carbon footprint enduse processes can be increased by up to 3%. Due to the deterioration of the water supply networks, an average of 35% of the supplied water is lost in Ukraine. Reducing network leakage by at least 10% will reduce carbon footprint by 30,000 tons of CO2-equiv annually. The priority areas for decarbonisation of the water management complex should be modernization of water supply and water treatment infrastructure, improvement of energy efficiency of pumping equipment and introduction of drip irrigation, and its adaptation to climate change – development of the network of green infrastructure. Conclusions. The low-carbon development of the water management system should include the introduction and coordination of such measures, which, on the one hand, minimize the adverse effects of climate change on water resources and contribute to reducing the carbon footprint of water management activities, and on the other hand, guarantee the achievement of sustainable development goals, in particular for ensuring water and society proper sanitary conditions.
Introduction. Real difficulties with financing are today one of the main problems for small business in Ukraine. Lack of sufficient capital in the majority of the population, complexity, disadvantage or inability to obtain borrowed funds hinder the development of small business. Dependence on domestic sources of funding, the problem of lack of financial resources, difficult access to financial and money markets, high levels of financial risk, limited material resources and capacity, low output - all indicate that small business needs real financial support from the state, commercial banks, venture firms and individual investors. The purpose of the article is to study and identify ways to implement business planning in the field of financial and credit support for small businesses. Method (methodology). The general scientific methods, in particular theoretical generalization - for generalization of types of the initial capital and features of financing and business planning of the enterprise idea are applied in the researched; systematic economic analysis - to justify the types of financing and the required level of business planning, which must have a future entrepreneur. Results. The prepared business plan helps start-up entrepreneurs at every stage of starting and managing their business. It can be used as a roadmap for structuring, running and developing your own business. This is a way to think about the key elements of a new business. A business plan helps to obtain financing or attract new business partners. Investors want to be sure that they will return their investment. This is the main tool of an entrepreneur to convince people to work together and invest in the development of a promising company.
сергійчук C.і. 1 к.е.н., доцент, доцент кафедри менеджменту Національний університет кораблебудування імені адмірала Макарова іщенко о.а. 2 к.е.н., доцент, доцент кафедри менеджменту Національний університет кораблебудування імені адмірала Макарова дубинська і.і. 3 доцент, доцент кафедри менеджменту Національний університет кораблебудування імені адмірала Макарова
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