The studies devoted to the issues of conceptualisation and categorisation of reality prove that language plays a key role in these two interrelated and interdependent processes. The purpose of the article is to analyse the structure of the conceptual category PERSON and the means of its verbal presentation in the fantasy genre. The data is collected from 85 fantasy novels written by British and American writers within the period from 1997 to 2012. The data includes 5890 nominative units (innovations, phrases, word combinations, sentences) either to name or characterise people of possible worlds presented in fantasy novels. The methods applied in this research are chosen considering the aim, objectives, and data. The contextual analysis, the analysis of definitions provided in the lexicographical sources and fantasy texts, and the morphemic analysis are used to analyse the data collected. According to the results of the research, the conceptual category PERSON has a complex hierarchical structure. Two sub-categoriesthe Name of a Person and the Group of Peopleare determined in the structure of this conceptual category. The sub-category Name of a Person comprises about 63% (3730) of nominative units. Innovations are created by the writers to name or describe people of possible worlds, which comprise 79% (4653) of all the data collected. Peculiar features of fantasy discourse, in general, may be the focus of further research. It is also planned to contribute to online dictionaries devoted to fantasy novels.
The article aims to outline extralinguistic factors of the emergence of American and Ukrainian ethnophobic terms and to study the means of their word-formation. The methods applied in the research include the analysis of dictionary definitions, as well as semantic, structural, conceptual, comparative, and linguocultural analyses. Metaphor, metonymy, and antonomasia are established as the semantic means of ethnophobic terms formation, whereas compounding, suffixation, clipping, and onomatopoeia – as the predominant means of structural word-formation in both American and Ukrainian nonstandard languages. Blends and acronyms are established as typical of American ethnophobic terms formation only, while the combination of semantic and structural word-formation is evident in both languages. Borrowings are determined as a significant means of replenishing the corpora of ethnophobic terms in both American and Ukrainian non-standard languages.
The following research aims to emphasize the significance of neologisms that emerge as a result of the war by the Russian Federation against Ukraine and their effect on the current Ukrainian media discourse. The purpose of the research is to identify the neologisms’ structure and semantics and explicate the reasons for their occurrence in the Ukrainian media discourse and vocabulary. Neologisms are created to name novel concepts or rename the already existing ones in different fields of life due to various changes caused by numerous factors. The methods used to analyze the corpus included linguistic analysis, linguo-cultural, word-forming analysis, and discourse analysis. The study concluded that neologisms were created to name people, countries, nations, as well as new concepts. Metonymy, metaphor and compounding were determined to be the most productive means of neologisms coinage in Ukrainian. Shortening, blending, misspellings, mishearings, mistranscriptions or mispronunciations turned out to be less productive in the Ukrainian language.
Colors play an important role in understanding and interpreting the world that surrounds people. There are many colors, shades, tones and hues that have their presentation in English. The key focus of this research is color terms that comprise proper names. Specific emphasis is made on their semantics and structure peculiarities.
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