Organoid technology holds great promise for regenerative medicine but has not yet been applied to humans. We address this challenge using cholangiocyte organoids in the context of cholangiopathies, which represent a key reason for liver transplantation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that primary human cholangiocytes display transcriptional diversity that is lost in organoid culture. However, cholangiocyte organoids remain plastic and resume their in vivo signatures when transplanted back in the biliary tree. We then utilize a model of cell engraftment in human livers undergoing ex vivo normothermic perfusion to demonstrate that this property allows extrahepatic organoids to repair human intrahepatic ducts after transplantation. Our results provide proof of principle that cholangiocyte organoids can be used to repair human biliary epithelium.

Rigorous recording of potential allosensitizing events and comprehensive antibody screening allows the XM to be safely omitted in selected patients and this helps limit CIT and may reduce DGF.

When presented with detailed information about EVAR and OSR, most patients with small aneurysms would prefer EVAR.

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BackgroundNucleic acid amplification assays including PCR have revolutionized the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis spread to almost every organ of the body and is characterized on the basis of localization of infection. Therefore, different types of body fluids and tissues can be used for the detection of MTB.From 2004 to 2010 total 766 different types of smear negative samples from patients, clinically suspected for tuberculosis were received and investigated at Division of Molecular Diagnostics, University of the Punjab Lahore for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Mycobacterial DNA was extracted followed by PCR amplification.FindingsA total of 356 (46.5%) samples were found positive by PCR for MTB. These included; serum (4.8%), blood (36.3%), urine (46.6%), cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) (42.1%), ascetic fluid (67.6%), pleural fluid (52%), pericardial fluid (30%), pus (38.6%), bone marrow (60%), sputum (38.8%) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (70%). Over all there was no significant difference in males and females neither in different age groups for the identification of MTB.ConclusionWe conclude that PCR is a useful and sensitive tool for the early diagnosis of MTB in variety of clinical samples.

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Objectives. Most patients are managed on the intensive care unit (ICU) after elective open aortic surgery. We preoperatively identify patients suitable for extubation in theatre with overnight management in theatre recovery before discharge back to the ward (overnight intensive recovery (OIR)). The safety of this was investigated. Design. Retrospective case note analysis of all patients who underwent EOAS from 1998 to 2002, recording in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Physiological and operative severity score for the enUmeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) data were collected prospectively. Methods. Patients were divided into those selected for OIR and those booked for elective ICU admission. Observed morbidity and mortality data were compared with predicted outcomes generated by Portsmouth-POSSUM and POSSUM equations.Results. Hundred and fifty-two out of 178 patients used OIR; 155 patients had abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. The elective ICU group had significantly higher anaesthetic risk scores (ASA grade), larger AAA, greater intraoperative blood loss and longer operations. In the OIR group, ten patients (7%) needed ICU admission within 48 h postoperatively. Complications occurred in 85/152, with two deaths. There was no excess morbidity or mortality in the OIR group (predicted 95% CI 83-105 and 5-17, respectively). Conclusion. Most patients having elective open aortic surgery can be managed safely using OIR.

Serum HCV RNA titers were correlated with AST, ALP and total bilirubin. Levels of ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin had significant relation with the liver fibrosis stage and the inflammatory grade in genotype 3a. Hence, our study suggests that AST, ALP and ALT may correlate with liver damage.