In order to develop an environment-friendly botanical mosquito larvicide alternative to the chemical larvicides, extracts were made from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens, Lantana camara, Nerium oleander, and Tecoma stans with three organic solvents such as methanol (ME), chloroform (CH), and petroleum ether (PE) using a Soxhlet extractor. The plant extracts were screened for larvicidal activity individually and in combination against the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus as per WHO protocol. Among the extracts, the maximum larvicidal activity was shown by the PE extract of L. camara (LC 10.63 mg/L) followed by the PE extract of T. stans (LC 19.26 mg/L), ME extract of N. oleander (LC 35.82 mg/L), and PE extract of H. suaveolens (LC 38.39 mg/L) against Cx. quinquefasciatus. In the case of Ae. aegypti, the PE extract of T. stans showed maximum activity with LC value of 55.41 mg/L followed by H. suaveolens (LC 64.49 mg/L), PE extract of L. camara (LC 74.93 mg/L), and ME extract of N. oleander (LC 84.09). A blend of these four extracts resulted in a combination with corresponding LC values of 4.32 and 7.19 mg/L against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. The predator safety factors were 12.55 and 20.88 for Gambusia affinis with respect to Aedes and Culex larvae for the extract combination. Chemical constituents in extracts were also identified by FT-IR and GC-MS data. The present investigations suggest the possible use of this blend of botanical extracts as an ideal ecofriendly, larvicide against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae.
Vectors are transmitted diseases from person to person that diseases are known as vactor borne diseases. There are mainly six vector borne diseases present in India, tropical and subtropical rigion also. As per current medical importance, geographic distribution, epidemiology and potential spreading of vector borne diseases, Malaria total cases were 29340 and deaths 2 and Japanese encephalitis total cases were 111. Chikungunya and Kala azar total cases were 700 and no deaths were found in 2020 respectively. 87.25% of MDA were supplied to total population and the dengue cases were 136422 and deaths 132 were observed in 2019. The vector borne diseases in India are reviewed in this article.
Laboratory investigation of Ageratinaadenophora methanol leaf extract fractions (A. adenophora-MLEFr) was controlled and using GC-MS analysis, highlights of the main components on malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi). In phytochemical, characterized by GC-MS analysis was carried out to be eligible for the constituents of the MLE. Maximum mortality was exerted by Fr-1 was showed EH/ENH% ovicidal activity of 15.7/37.2% at 10 ppm and 100% mortality at 20, 30, 40 50 and 60 ppm, against An. stephensi. The repellent activity of Fr-1 was the highest, showing 100% protection up to 240 min at 0.75 mg/cm2. In GC-MS analyzes, a total of 21 compounds were identified in the A. adenophora-MLE, and the main component was 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol. The reports revealed the 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol was the main constituent provides malarial control for the vector mosquito from A. adenophora-MLEFr
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