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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Dyslipidaemia is prevalent in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and can worsen the presentation of chronic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of dyslipidaemia in children living with diabetes followed up at a paediatric endocrine clinic in southern Nigeria and to identify associations with demographic and clinical characteristics. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study is a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 22 children with diabetes followed up in a tertiary health care facility in southern Nigeria. Demographic data were retrieved from case files, and fasting lipid profile and HbA_1c levels were determined for all subjects. Lipid abnormalities were defined based on the Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-two subjects aged 7–18 years were studied (mean age: 14.94 ± 3.59 years). There were 12 (54.5%) females. Both genders were comparable regarding age (<i>p</i> = 0.95). Mean duration of diabetes was 3.37 ± 2.38 years. Prevalence of lipid abnormalities include: hypertriglyceridaemia (86.4%), hypercholesterolemia (22.7%), abnormal HDL-C (36.4%), high LDL-C (13.6%), and non-HDL-C (22.7%). Hypercholesterolaemia was significantly higher in females (<i>p</i> = 0.02), and prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia was higher in subjects ≥12 years (<i>p</i> = 0.019). There was no statistically significant difference in mean levels of various lipids between males and females. Six (27.3%) subjects had more than one lipid abnormality. There was no statistically significant association of lipid abnormalities with age, sex, weight category, and HbA_1c level. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The commonest lipid abnormality was hypertriglyceridaemia. About a quarter of the subjects had more than 1 lipid abnormality. Programs should therefore be targeted at improved control of glycemia and lipid levels to delay and prevent chronic complications.

Introduction glycaemic control is usually best achieved using the basal bolus regimen, however, this is not always available in resource-limited settings. Long-term complications like renal parenchymal disease are consequences of poor glycaemic control. Screening type 1 diabetes patients irrespective of their disease duration was used to buttress the need for ethical principles of justice to be incorporated in the care of type 1 diabetes children. Methods urine albumin creatinine ratio (UAC) was calculated for 20 type 1 diabetes mellitus children in the endocrinology clinic after submitting early morning urine over a 4-month period. The calculated ratio was compared between duration of disease (< 5 years and > 5 years) and between insulin regimen types (mixtard and basal bolus). Repeat tests were done for children who had elevated UAC ratio levels after 2 months. Results there were 5 males and 15 females and the mean UAC ratio of the cohort was 123mg/g with a range of 5.30 − 906 mg/g. Twelve children (8 diagnosed less than 5 years) had UAC ratio ≥ 30mg/g with a mean of 193.15. The repeat mean UAC ratio for these was 144.35 mg/g. Children who had diabetes for more than 5 years and were on mixtard had higher UAC ratio than those with diabetes < 5 years and on basal bolus. Conclusion the prevalence of microalbuminuria is high in our cohort of type 1 diabetes children and these were children on mixtard and had diabetes greater than 5 years.

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is a common congenital endocrine disorder prevailing all over the world. No nationwide screening exists for any sub-Saharan country. We present normative cord and capillary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values for healthy Nigerian newborns. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 6 university hospitals in Nigeria between January 1 and December 31, 2013. Cord and heel blood placed on 4 concentric circles on a Whartman filter paper were analysed for TSH within 1 week of collection using AutoDelfia 1235 immunoassay (Perkin Elmer Wallace, Boston, Mass., USA) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. The mean TSH levels of the newborns were determined, considering their sex, birthweight, socioeconomic status, and birth city. The association between the mean TSH level and other parameters was determined by analysis of variance. Results: A total of 2,014 subjects were recruited during the study period. The mean TSH value for the subjects was 1.86 μIU/ml, and 98.1% of the newborns were within the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles (range: 0.09-7.90 μIU/ml) of the TSH levels. We collected 247 cord and 1,767 heel samples, respectively, and the range was slightly higher in samples from cord blood. Conclusion: The study highlights the normal reference values for capillary/cord TSH levels in term Nigerian newborns. TSH was higher in one region, attributable to earlier sampling, but was not influenced by gender, socioeconomic status, or birthweight.

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