Competent human resources such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists and others will improve the patient safety of a hospital. To assess the competence of hospital human resources can be measured by credentials. The credential process needs to be done to the pharmacist because although a pharmacist has received a pharmacist's diploma from an accredited college, the hospital remains obliged to perform competence verification through the credential process for the patient safety in the hospital and also considering the competence of a person influenced by several factors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pharmacy credential system in Indonesia, especially the pharmacist credential system in the Yogyakarta area hospital. A qualitative study using in-depth interview and focus group discussions were conducted in three hospitals in Yogyakarta with different characteristics. In-depth interview was attended by 1 participant, consisting of the representatives of the professional organization. Every FGD was attended by 5-10 participants, consisting of pharmacists working in hospitals in Yogyakarta. The results of the in-depth interview and FGDs were analyzed with a qualitative approach. Currently there is no specific law enforcement regulation related to the credential system for pharmacists. The credential system becomes a hospital requirement after the accreditation and fulfillment of administrative requirements of accreditation become the main motivation held pharmacist credentials. Pharmacist has the needs of improving the credential system both in theory and application. The absence of legally enforceable regulations has resulted in many unfamiliarities. Expectations of pharmacist practitioners on the process of ideal pharmacist credentials are possible with supporting elements of professional organizations.
ABSTRAK: Salah satu penyakit infeksi yang banyak dijumpai di rumah sakit adalah infeksi saluran kemih. Pemilihan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan resistensi dan multipel resistensi mikroba terhadap antibiotik yang berdampak pada meningkatnya morbiditas, mortalitas, dan biaya kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas dan perbandingan lama rawat inap antibiotik golongan sefalosporin generasi ke-3 dan fluoroquinolon di instalasi rawat inap RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kohort retrospektif pada pasien ISK periode Januari 2015 -Desember 2017. Semua data pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diambil dari catatan rekam medis pasien. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sebanyak 66 pasien ISK, 90,9% didominasi oleh perempuan dan 53% didominasi oleh kelompok berumur >60 tahun. Kedua golongan antibiotik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap luaran terapi muntah (p=0,178), nyeri pinggang (p=1,000), nyeri berkemih (p=0,587), dan lama rawat inap (p=0,364). Sedangkan kedua golongan antibiotik menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap luaran terapi suhu badan (p=0,001) dan lekosit urin (p=0,001). Antibiotik golongan fluoroquinolon memiliki rata-rata lama rawat inap lebih cepat 5,42 hari dibandingkan golongan sefalosporin generasi ke-3. Efektivitas antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) terhadap suhu badan dan lekosit urin, namun kedua kelompok tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05) terhadap luaran terapi muntah, nyeri pinggang, nyeri berkemih, dan lama rawat inap.Kata kunci: infeksi saluran kemih (ISK), sefalosporin generasi ke-3, fluroquinolon, lama rawat inap ABSTRACT: One of the most common infectious diseases in a hospital is urinary tract infection. Incorrect selection of antibiotics can lead to resistance growth and multiple microbial resistance to antibiotics that have an impact on increased morbidity, mortality, and health costs. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and comparison of duration of 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics and fluoroquinolone in inpatient installation of PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta. This study used a retrospective cohort design in UTI patients from January 2015 to December 2017. All patient data meeting the inclusion criteria was taken from the patient medication records. Based on the results of the study, 66 UTI patients, 90.9% were female and 53% were dominated by groups > 60 years old. The two classes of antibiotics showed no significant difference to the outcome of vomiting therapy (p = 0.178), low back pain (p = 1.000), urinary pain (p = 0.587), and length of hospitalization (p = 0.364). While the two classes of antibiotics showed significant differences to the body temperature therapy (p = 0.001) and urinary leukocytes (p = 0.001). Fluoroquinolone class antibiotics had an average length of hospitalization of 5.42 days compared with the 3rd generation cephalosporins. The effectiveness between the two groups showed a significant difference (p<...
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