The relation of objective work conditions (work underload, repetitive or varied work) and subjective monotony to job satisfaction, psychological distress, and sickness absence was examined in 1,278 male and female workers. Subjective monotony was moderately related to the objective work conditions. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the effects on all outcomes were partially mediated by subjective monotony and were also directly related to repetitive work and work underload. Job satisfaction and psychological distress were mainly related to subjective monotony, whereas sickness absence was equally related to the work conditions and subjective monotony. The highest impact was observed for short-cycle repetitive work. Testing sex interactions revealed that sickness absence was related to the work conditions in women but not in men. The findings highlight the significance of noting the actual work conditions in predicting employee outcomes.
This study evaluated the benefits of add-on hypnotherapy in patients with chronic PTSD. Thirty-two PTSD patients treated by SSRI antidepressants and supportive psychotherapy were randomized to 2 groups: 15 patients in the first group received Zolpidem 10 mg nightly for 14 nights, and 17 patients in the hypnotherapy group were treated by symptom-oriented hypnotherapy, twice-a-week 1.5-hour sessions for 2 weeks. All patients completed the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale, and Visual Subjective Sleep Quality Questionnaire before and after treatment. There was a significant main effect of the hypnotherapy treatment with PTSD symptoms as measured by the Posttraumatic Disorder Scale. This effect was preserved at follow-up 1 month later. Additional benefits for the hypnotherapy group were decreases in intrusion and avoidance reactions and improvement in all sleep variables assessed.
The question addressed in this paper is whether different coping styles mediate the relationship between psychopathology and related distress and the quality of life (QOL) among patients with schizophrenia. In a cross-sectional design, 161 schizophrenia inpatients were comprehensively evaluated with standardized measures of QOL, psychopathology, psychological distress and coping styles. Correlations and regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship among parameters and to estimate the mediating effect of coping styles on QOL in the framework of a distress/protection model. Life quality correlated positively with task- and avoidance-oriented coping styles and slightly negatively with emotion-oriented coping. Emotion-oriented coping mediated the relationship between the severity of activation, anxiety/depression symptoms, and QOL, while avoidance-oriented (distraction) coping was mediated between QOL and paranoid symptoms. Coping styles accounted for 25% of the variance in subjective QOL scores compared with 15% for psychological distress, and only 3% for clinical variables. The ability to cope with symptoms and associated distress substantially contributes to QOL appraisal in schizophrenia. Thus, different coping strategies may reduce the negative influence of specific symptoms and related distress on the subjective QOL of schizophrenia patients.
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