This study aimed to analyze the role of
Mus musculus
as a host of
Leptospira
spp., lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and
Toxoplasma gondii
, in poultry farms of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, and to assess the potential risk of transmission to humans and domestic or breeding animals. Samplings were performed between 2009 and 2011 (S1) and during 2016 (S2). In S1, we studied the prevalence of infection for
Leptospira
spp. and LCMV, whereas, in S2, we studied the prevalence of infection for
Leptospira
spp. and
T. gondii.
In S1, we found an overall
Leptospira
spp. prevalence in
M. musculus
of 18% (14/79) and no positive serum samples for LCMV (0/166). In S2, we detected no positive individuals for
Leptospira
spp. (0/56) and an overall
T. gondii
seroprevalence of 3.6% (2/56). The probability of
Leptospira
spp. infection in
M. musculus
was higher in reproductively active individuals and in samplings subsequent to months with high accumulated precipitation. Our results suggest that, in the poultry farms studied, the presence of
M. musculus
may be a risk factor in the transmission of
Leptospira
spp. and
T. gondii
to humans and domestic animals. The management of farms should include biosecurity measures for farm workers and more effective rodent control.
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