A importância do problema apresentado no artigo é determinada pelo fato de que a manifestação de agressão entre crianças e adolescentes em instituições de ensino da sociedade contemporânea representa um novo desafio para a escola russa, o sistema de aplicação da lei e o sistema de apoio social no país. Federação Russa. O artigo contém os resultados da análise do comportamento agressivo entre menores como fator na formação de comportamentos desviantes de crianças e adolescentes. O autor fundamentou a necessidade de incluir os seguintes componentes no sistema de prevenção do impacto negativo da atividade da Internet na socialização de crianças em idade escolar: o desenvolvimento de uma cultura da informação, o desenvolvimento de qualidades pessoais que contribuam para o enfrentamento de riscos.
Objectives: The article contains the results of the study of the impact of additional physical education and sports activities on the correction of psychophysiological disorders, physical qualities of children with intellectual disability. The objectives of the study were the following: 1) to analyze the indicators of the physiological qualities of schoolchildren aged 7-11 with mild intellectual disability; 2) to design a program of additional physical education and sports activities for students of a special (remedial) school of the VIII type on the basis of the study results; 3) to try out the developed program for students of a special (remedial) school of the VIII type. Materials: The longitudinal study (2015-2019) served as the method. The systematic pedagogical monitoring of the state and dynamics of the physiological states of students achieved by them in the course of a school year. The results obtained in the study, processed according to the mathematical method of descriptive statistics and checked with Student's t-test, the analysis of variance with Fisher's criterion (F-criterion). Results: In our study, we obtained results that show that the improvement of the motor function in children of primary school age is closely related to the level of morpho-functional maturation of the body and external stimulation with physical exercises. The skillful application of specially selected and dosed physical exercises during the enhanced natural morpho-functional development of the body of children contributes to the improvement of the relevant processes, a significant improvement in the functional capabilities of all body systems. Conclusions: The designed program for students of the special (remedial) school of the VIII type confirmed its effectiveness during the testing. The physiological development program was built on game techniques taking account of the developmental characteristics of children with a mild degree of intellectual disability and positive results were obtained that prove the following: if the physical education program is aimed at developing qualities that correspond to the enhanced natural morpho-functional development of the body of children, it stimulates the accelerated development of the motor function, increasing the adaptive capacity of the child's body. Additional physical education and sports activities with children who have intellectual disability should be systematic, continuous and they should be organized in such a way that learning the material in the educational and training process could take place in view of the individual state and the sensitive period of development of motor skills.
The study of the features of the higher mental functions of the brain in patients suffering from addiction to psychoactive substances is very important for narcology. It is necessary not only to uncover the mechanisms of addiction, a complete understanding of the neurophysiological processes that determine the nature of the development and severity of the disease, but also to solve practical problems related to the development of treatment methods and the implementation of preventive measures. Method: In the study of patients, a specially designed map was used containing information on the hereditary and demographic characteristics, on the course of the disease, as well as on the socio-cultural status of patients. To determine the functional state of cortical activity in the process of perception of unconscious signals, a special technique was used. The obtained results were subjected to dispersive analysis and the significance of differences was calculated according to Student's t-criterion. Results: An analysis of premorbid personality traits made it possible to establish the prevalence of instability, pathological conformity, and hysteroidal features in patients. It should be noted that a large percentage of the surveyed had a hereditary burden of alcoholism, mainly in the line of the father. Curiosity, passive submission, imitation of friends were among the motives of the first drug use. All patients in the process of addiction formed the following features: increased excitability, increasing effective disorders (depression, dysphoria), aggravated by exacerbation of craving for the drug, a decline in morals and ethics (egoism, deceit, indifference to one's fate, hedonism, loss of sense of duty), disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere (emotional instability, hypersensitivity, vulnerability). Conclusion: The analysis of the duration of latent periods and magnitude of the amplitudes of the late positive R3OO wave in patients with heroin addiction revealed clear differences between the data obtained upon presentation of an unconscious neutral and motivationally significant word. Patients who use psychoactive substances, using the method of recording induced potentials of the brain, which is a sensitive indicator of the activity of brain structures in relation to the substance used, revealed a clear diffuse activation of the cerebral cortex in response to an unconscious verbal stimulus related to the motivation prevailing in patients, in particular to "heroin". Such activation, as well as the difficult dying out of the developed reactions to an unconscious stimulus, indicate certain neurophysiological foundations of the mechanism underlying the changes in the motivational sphere and the stability of the pathological craving for the psychoactive substance.
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