Human body is a complex of organic substances (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates), which undergo chemical decomposition processes soon after death. The compounds released during decomposition characterize the development of different stages of this process: e.g. biogenic amines resulted from the proteins decomposition will confer the particular smell of a cadaver, gases resulted from carbohydrates fermentation will give the bloating aspect of the cadaver. The study of cadaver decomposition and the products resulted from this process is the subject of human taphonomy and is realized nowadays in special facilities in USA and Australia. Identification and analysis of the chemical compounds emerged after human decomposition (gases, liquids, salts) give valuable information to forensic pathologists for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). More, volatile compounds � which give the odor signature�specific to human remains � may be utilized in identifying clandestine burials, human remains or victims entrapped under ruins in cases of natural disasters. In this paper the authors describe the chemical decomposition stages of human cadavers, the factors influencing these processes and utility for the forensic activity of the results of human taphonomic studies.
Although a disease with a particularly historical, war-related implication, gas gangrene still retains its importance in pathology through its highly severe prognosis and rapid death in the absence of immediate treatment. The most common occurrences of the infection in times of peace are traffic accidents and natural disasters, but this can also occur in a non-traumatic context, in carcinomas and digestive tract ulcers or diabetes. The most commonly cited etiological agent is Clostridium perfringens, but other anaerobic germs as well as various aero-anaerobic associations may be responsible for the appearance of gangrene. The accumulation of gas bubbles through the action of etiological agents, highlighted by the presence of crevices or radiological examinations, is the hallmark of this condition. In this paper, the authors present the case of a 26-year-old man who died as a result of the gas gangrene with a rapid evolution (60 hours), which occurred in the progress of a soil telluric wound in the right thigh despite doctors' efforts. The authors emphasize the importance of suspicion of the possibility of the occurrence of gangrene in wounds contaminated with vegetal remains or soil, on the one hand because the pathognomonic sign appears at an advanced stage of the infection and on the other hand because the prophylactic, surgical and medicinal treatment together with the resuscitation measures may be life-saving when applied in a timely manner.
Abstract:Technology is in a quasi-permanent evolution in most professional areas, which has the potential to improve people's lives. The new technologies are already part of our lives, being able to create facilities which we would not even imagine it could be possible relatively little time ago. Forensic medicine did not move backward from implementing the new technologies, being in this way an important support for justice as the assessment is more accurate and more valuable, the offenders are sentenced, the innocents are exonerated, and victims in mass disasters are quickly identified. In this paper the authors analyze the impact the new technologies have in different areas of forensic medicine, such as forensic toxicology-particularly using GC-Ion Trap MS and LC-MS technologies, forensic imaging applied to post-mortem examinationusing virtopsy and forensic genetics-the use and permanent refinement of DNA technology. The authors highlight, on the one hand, the improvements the new technologies brought in justice and society, and on the other hand the challenges associated with their implementation.
The age-associated adiposity and the effect of long-term vitamin D was studied in vitamin D deficient rats. In in vivo experiments, the influence of a 9 months of vitamin D treatment (weekly oral gavage with 0.125 mg vitamin D3 (5000 IU)/100g body weight) on the adipocyte precursors from the omental adipose tissue was examinated. In in vitro experiment, rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) were induced to differentiate into adipocytes in the presence or absence of 25(OH)D3 (0.25, 25, and 2500 nmol/L). ASCs derived from vitamin D-treated animals showed an increase adipogenic potential as compared to vitamin D-deficient rats. The addition of 25(OH)D3 inhibits the adipocyte differentiation and lipid deposition in a dose dependent manner.
La relation médecin-patients en cas de maladies rares ; une approche éthique
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