Due to the small number of studies on the role of coumarins in associative symbiotic relationships, some aspects of the influence of synthetic coumarins on the physicochemical and cultural properties of Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 were studied for the first time. To reveal the role of hydroxylation in position 7 of the fused aromatic ring – 1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)butan-1,3-dione, comparative studies of the effect of the original and hydroxylated coumarins on the culture of a model strain of azospirilla were carried out. The survival of bacteria after the addition of coumarins was studied by counting CFU on an agar medium. The biofilm formation activity of the culture was assessed using crystal violet. The change in the surface of bacteria under the action of coumarins was studied by the electrical polarizability of bacterial cells on an ELUS electrooptical analyzer (EloSystemGbR, Germany). The yield and monosaccharide composition of extracellular glycopolymers were studied using gas-liquid chromatography.For the first time, an increase in the yield of EPS of bacteria during growth in the presence of 1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2Hchromen-3-yl)butan-1,3-dione by 1.2 and 1.7 times for concentrations of 50 and 100 μM respectively was observed. It has been established for the first time that the hydroxylated substance has a higher antibacterial activity compared to the unsubstituted one. A decrease in the number of viable cells in planktonic culture and inhibition of biofilm growth were revealed. It has been shown by electro-optical analysis that the presence of coumarins in the cultivation medium in all concentrations studied leads to a change in the electrical polarizability of A. baldaniorum Sp245 cells. The use of electrooptical analysis of cell suspensions using monospecific antibodies obtained against lipopolysaccharides of this strain made it possible to reveal the absence of changes in carbohydrate antigenic determinants on the surface of bacterial cells. This is consistent with the data of the analysis of the composition of extracellular polysaccharides by GLC, during which no differences were found in the qualitative composition and ratio of monosaccharides. An increase in the yield of bacterial EPS during growth in the presence of 1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) butan-1,3-dione by 1.2 and 1.7 times for concentrations of 50 and 100 μM was shown. The results obtained allow us to consider the changes that have occurred as features of the adaptation of bacteria to the associative conditions of existence.
The possibility of detection and determination of flavonoids by using microbial cells was shown for the first time using the quercetin - Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 model system. The activity of the flavonoids quercetin, rutin and naringenin toward A. baldaniorum Sp245 was evaluated. It was found that when the quercetin concentration ranged from 50 to 100 µM, the number of bacterial cells decreased. Rutin and naringenin did not affect bacterial numbers. Quercetin at 100 μM increased bacterial impedance by 60 %. Under the effect of quercetin, the magnitude of the electro-optical signal from cells decreased by 75 %, as compared with the no-quercetin control. Our data show the possibility of developing sensor-based systems for the detection and determination of flavonoids.
Introduction. An algorithm for evaluating the hygienic safety of drinking water sources based on biotesting and studying sanitary and chemical indicators has been developed and tested. Materials and methods. The research methods included sanitary and chemical analysis of water samples, as well as biotesting methods using single-celled green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijer and bull spermatozoa. Results. For experimental approbation of the developed algorithm for determining the hygienic safety of water based on a two-component system of express biotesting and measurement of sanitary and chemical indicators, 6 underground and 5 surface water sources were evaluated. The response of test objects indicating the presence of acute toxicity in water samples taken from surface and underground in many cases correlates with the excess of MPC for individual indicators identified by sanitary and chemical analysis. For two water samples, differences were found between the results of biotesting and sanitary-chemical analysis, and therefore it is necessary to conduct an extended toxicological and chemical assessment to identify the source of toxic effects. Limitations. The two-component test system cannot be used separately without sanitary and chemical analysis of water media. Conclusion. Biotesting can be an addition to sanitary and chemical analyses, showing the presence of toxic substances that are not in the list of mandatory indicators to be determined (according to MR 2.1.4.0176-20 (in Russian)).
The problem of water sources pollution, connected with increasing anthropogenic charge is attracting a lot of attention nowadays. Most of hygienic evaluation methods of water objects are based on physicochemical analysis of water samples. These methods can’t be considered as consistent in determination of full range of pollutants. Sanitary chemical analysis of water environment, coupled with biological testing seems to be more informative. One of the most prospective research trends nowadays is using human cell lines as test objects. During the preparation of this review, there were used following database sources: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, RISC. As a conclusion of performed sources analysis, we can point at high sensitivity of cell lines, extracted from human digestive (Caco-2, HepG2) and excretory systems (HEK-203) to the influence of pollutants taken from different water sources. The data obtained by the authors indicate both a cytopathic effect and a change in the cytochemical and cytomorphological characteristics of cell cultures under the influence of pollutants in water. The use of human cell cultures as test objects in water biotesting is an urgent direction in the study of water supply sources for drinking and household needs of the population without preliminary purification. The use of human cell cultures in the biotesting of water makes it possible to give not only a toxicological characteristic of water samples, but also to assess the possibility of developing an undesirable effect associated with the ingress of pollutants into the internal environment of the body.
The paper considers the development of a geoinformation atlas of the sanitary and chemical state of water sources in the arid region on the example of the Saratov region. The atlas summarizes the results of sanitary and chemical monitoring of surface and underground water sources in the Saratov region. Graphs of content of priority pollutants excess, as well as non-carcinogenic risk and hazard index for 2015-2021 are summarized in the form of an information map of a water source linked to its geographical coordinates. The atlas file system includes four blocks, each of which summarizes information about the hygienic condition of one of the types of water sources: springs, wells, small rivers, and sampling points on the Volga River. Atlas data can be derived using landscape models that allow to link the spatial position of a water source with the characteristics of its chemical composition, as well as output data in the form of a altitude diagram. The ratio between sanitary and hygienic indicators in dynamics can also be visualized in the form of diagrams. The atlas may be of interest to specialists in the field of preventive medicine and employees of research organizations dealing with environmental hygiene.
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