This paper presents the results of research of Tripogon chinensis adaptation mechanisms to the environmental conditions. This relict cereal grows on petrophytic parts of the slopes, where it is affected by extreme environmental factors (temperature variations, lack of water, insolation, etc.). This cereal reproduces by seeds. Under such growth conditions, to be able to germinate and continue growing, the plant must effectively use the available moisture and the seed storage compounds. Experiments with seeds germinated under different moisture conditions showed the ability of T. chinensis seeds to germinate in substrates with widely varying moisture contents. Increased moisture adversely affected the process of germination and growth of the cereal. Seed storage proteins play a special role because they are used as source of amino acids for the synthesis of proteins necessary for the plant. Determination of the fraction composition of T. chinensis seed storage proteins showed the high content of albumins and globulins (45% of the total weight of storage proteins), which ensured germination under water deficit. The study showed that germinating T. chinensis seeds use prolamins (their concentration decreases fourfold during germination). The considerable prolamin content of seeds (37%) and prolamin dynamics during germination support the hypothesis on the adaptive role of prolamins, as they contain amino acids essential for the seedling. Thus, morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of this cereal characterize it as a xerophytic species, which developed due to a combination of environmental factors of the Eastern Transbaikal region.
This paper summarizes the results of studies on the fauna of gamas mites of the nidicolic group. On the Eastern Transbaikal Territory, 68 species have been identified as part of the nidicolic group. They belong to nine families, most of them have been found in rodent nests. The largest number of species belongs to the families Parasitidae, Laelaptidae, Rhodacaridae. Many species have been found in the soil, where they form micropopulations. Of the 68 species 19 have not been found in the soil: six species of Euryparasitus, three species from the genera Poecilochirus, Ameroseius, Macrocheles, one species - Parasitus ( Coleogamasus ) tichomirovi , Veigaia beklemischevi , Pachylaelaps siculus , Hypoaspis krameri . In the biocoenosis of the vegetable storage, H. timofejevi have had the highest rates, its reproduction and development have taken place here. We have detected all stages of development. The main parts of the population have been represented as follows: females - 48%, males - 11,8%, larvae - 1,2%, protonymphs - 7%, deutonymphs - 32%. Females in each hamazid population numerically have predominated over males. Drawings of the preimaginal stages of development as well as its topical and phoric connections have been described. The nidicoles of the forest-steppe zone of Transbaikalia have demonstrated a tendency to synanthropization. The tendency has been noted in 21 species of nidicoles from six families: eight from the family Parasitidae, five from the family Laeleptidae, three from the family Macrochelidae, two species from the family Ameroseidae, Aceosejidae and one species from the family Rhodacaridae. Interspecific relationships have been established for H. timofejevi , E. emarginatus .
The paper deals with the study of adaptation mechanisms of Eastern Transbaikalia wild cereals to environmental conditions at the initial ontogenesis stages. The authors have determined the germination of three species xerophytic cereals seeds ( Agropyron cristatum (L.) Beauv, Stipa krylovii Roshev, Tripogon chinensis (Franch.) Hack.). The authors have noted differences in rates of seed germination of these cereals depending on the relation to moisture deficiency. More mesophilic species ( A. cristatum ) had the highest rates of germination. A large contribution to the process of germination is made by storage nutrients, proteins in particular. The total amount of protein is related to the rate of germination. Seeds with more protein sprout faster, which may be due to the appearance of osmotically active substances as a result of hydrolysis, which makes it possible to effectively use soil moisture. Seeds of one type of cereal collected in different populations may differ in the content of storage proteins. The ratio of different fractions of storage proteins can characterize the origin of the species. A higher content of glutelin fraction was found in the seeds of S. krylovii . There is also a more effective use of glutelins in the seeds of A. cristatum , which can also provide intensive germination. In general, the studied species have a difference in the rates of mobilization of various fractions of storage proteins.
Abstract. The content of free amino acids in seeds and sprouts of T. chinensis in the control and at an osmotic pressure of 5 atm. was determined. The group of acidic and basic amino acids predominates in seeds. An adaptive reaction to a physiological drought is the transformation of the free amino acids metabolism. This is expressed in an increase in the total amount of free amino acids at the osmotic pressure of 5 atm., providing the osmotic component of adaptation. Under the conditions of the osmotic stress, the concentration of acidic and basic amino acids increases up to 48 hours, this may be due to the continued hydrolysis of reserve proteins. Under the influence of the osmotic stress there are changes in the group of amino acids, the metabolic precursor of which is glutamic acid. The amino acids, a part of this group, exhibit protective, signaling properties. Thus, the increase in the arginine concentration and ornithine is noted; this indicates the activation of the ornithine cycle and on the increase of amino acids catabolism. The revealed features can ensure the successful germination of T. chinensis grains under the conditions of the physiological drought.
The article presents the results of studying the germination of seeds of two species of the genus Stipa in terms of chloride salinity. Determination of seed germination showed that Stipa sibirica is more adapted to salinity. It is shown that the studied cereals react to salinity by changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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