The influence of vitamin-hormonal schemes of stimulation of replacement pigs on their reproductive function was studied. The effect of stimulation on the reproductive performance of pigs and fertility, multiple pregnancy in the spring and summer seasons was determined. A methodical approach has been created to increase the reproductive capacity of gilts. It was stated that multiple pregnancy (insemination in the spring season) was probably (P> 0.99) higher in the I-study group (use of the complex vitamin preparation Introvit) by 6.0% compared to the control. Comparing the results of farrowing in the II-study group (the use of the drug "Introvit" and the hormonal drug "Gestavet"), the multiple pregnancy rates were probably (P> 0.99) higher by 9.2% compared to the control group. In the III experimental group (use of the hormonal drug "Gestavet"), the indicators of multiple pregnancy exceeded the control group of animals by 8.3%. According to the results of farrowing (summer insemination) in the queens of the I-study group, where the complex vitamin preparation "Introvit" was used, the multiplicity was higher by 4.3% compared to the control. In the second experimental group, where the combination of the drug Introvit and the hormonal drug Gestavet was used, the multiple pregnancy rates were higher by 7.7% compared to the control. In the III experimental group, when using the hormonal preparation "Gestavet", the indicators of multiple pregnancy exceeded the control group of animals by 7.5% compared to the control. When using vitamin-hormonal stimulation, there is an increase in fertility by 9.2% (insemination in the spring) and 7.7% (in the summer). It was found that the best in terms of reproductive ability was the vitamin-hormonal scheme for the treatment of pigs (experimental group II), both in the spring and summer seasons. Keywords: gilts, hormonal, vitamin preparations, multiple pregnancy, seasons.
Науково-технічний бюлетень ІТ НААН -№121 156 the fractal dimension estimates. Fractal dimension estimates may be used for the pattern of the muscle fibers and intramuscular fat distribution estimated based on the histological profile images. І. М., к. с.-г. н., с. н. с. Церенюк О. М., д. с.-г. н., доцент, Акімов О. В., к. с.-г. н., с. н. с. Інститут тваринництва НААН Проведено дослідження із вивчення впливу кратності осіменіння свиноматок, у різні пори року на показники їх заплідненості і багатоплідності. При дворазовим осіменінні у весняну пору року було встановлено, що у контрольній групі свиноматок із 30 тварин було запліднено 24 голови або 80 %, тоді як у дослідній групі (3-х разове осіменіння) із такою ж кількістю тварин, запліднилось 27 свиноматок, що становить 90 %. За результатами опоросів заплідненість маток була вище у дослідній групі на 12,5 %, а показники багатоплідності на 7,9 % вірогідно вищими (Р>0,95) проти тварин контрольної групи, яких осіменяли 2-х кратно. У літню пору року було встановлено, що у контрольній групі з 30 свиноматок (яких осіменяли дворазово) запліднилось 23 голів або 76,6 %, тоді як у дослідній групі (3-х разове осіменіння) із такою ж кількістю тварин, запліднилось 25 свиноматок, що становило 83,3 %. За результатами дослідів заплідненість маток була вища у дослідній групі на 8,6 %, а показники багатоплідності на 6,8 % (Р>0,95) порівняно із контрольною (2-х разове осіменіння).Порівнюючи показники відтворної здатності свиноматок контрольних груп у весняну та літню пори року було встановлено, що різниця між кількістю запліднених маток була незначна та становила 4,2 %, а показники багатоплідності були на 2,8 % кращими на користь свиноматок яких осіменили весною.При використанні 3-х разового осіменіння показники заплідненості у свиноматок дослідної групи переважали на 7,5 % показники тварин яких осіменяли у літню пору року. Різниця між показниками багатоплідності дослідних груп маток виявила перевагу на 3,7 % у свиноматок яких осіменяли весною. За даними досліджень встановлено, що використання 3-х разового осіменіння свиноматок як у весняну так і літню пору року дає змогу підвищити показники заплідненості на 12,5 % та на 8,7 % відповідно порівняно із 2-х разовим осіменінням.Ключові слова: свині, заплідненість, багатоплідність, кратність осіменіння, пори року.
A retrospective review of domestic and foreign sources of literature is presented, as well as data of published own research on cryopreservation of animal sperm. The main historical stages of the creation of protective environments for deep freezing of sperm are given. In the 30s of the last century, a phenomenon characterized by the death of spermatozoa upon sharp cooling in the range of positive temperatures was discovered. It is called temperature shock of sperm. To prevent it, it is proposed to add substances containing phospholipids to the composition of diluents. Such environments can contain both simple components - native chicken egg yolk or milk, and high-tech - lipoproteins, isolated phospholipids of various origins. To stabilize protein-lipid complexes of plasma membranes and acrosomes of sperm during the cooling process, carbohydrates are added to the diluents. Sugars are components of energy supply for sperm and, along with salts, they are the main osmotic regulators. A combination of two or three carbohydrates in the medium was traditionally considered necessary. However, the Kharkiv school of reproductive specialists has proven the possibility of creating effective protective environments using only one sugar - sucrose or lactose - based on considerable practical experience. The effectiveness of germ cell freezing is shown depending on the cryoprotectants used. Glycerin is the first known endocellular cryoprotectant, which is still unsurpassed in sperm cryopreservation. Our own experimental data on the effect of combinations of glycerol with substances from the amide group on the main biological indicators of sperm after deconservation are presented. Cryoprotectants dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and dimethylformamide (DMF) were tested in own experiments on stallion semen. The experiments studied the effect of different concentrations of the above-mentioned penetrating cryoprotectants both on the main physiological characteristics of stallion sperm (motility, survival), and on the degree of damage to the membrane apparatus of sperm. The effectiveness of certain combinations of these substances has been proven. Methods of preventing the negative impact of oxygen and the development of lipid peroxidation processes in sperm during cryopreservation are presented. The concept of using additional hormonal components in diluents, in particular prostaglandin F2a, is revealed. The materials related to the effect on the quality of reproductive cells of healing preparations are displayed. Keywords: artificial insemination, environments, semen, animals, bulls, stallions, cryoprotectants, freezing.
The scientific contribution of Researchs of the laboratory of artificial fecundation of farm animals of the Institute of Animal Sciences NAAS (now the Department of reproduction biotechnology of farm animals) in the development of artificial fecundation was analyzed as a method of large-scale breeding in the national livestock breeding. The work of Researchs on the development of industry fundamental and applied research on the study of the physiology of pig reproduction was presented. The development of the Laboratory of Boar Reproduction has been examined from the moment of its existence up to the present time. The scientific research of the laboratory Researchs during the postwar years were covered aiming at the integration of the method of artificial fecundation into the farms of the country. Research T.M. Kozenko suggested glucose-citrate-yolk medium for dilution and storage of boar semen (1950). The treasury of his inventions were included wooden stuffed pigs, an artificial vagina for obtaining semen from boars, a glass device for sow fecundation, etc. The contribution of Professor I. V. Smirnov to the development of biotechnological science has been evaluated. His name related to the development of the method of long-term semen storage, improvement of techniques and technology of artificial fecundation, the development of the bases of reproductive biology of farm animals. The researches made by the Research were the catalyst for developing the methods of freezing and long-term storage of sperm of begetters by the Researchs of the Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction and Artificial Fecundation of Farm Animals Serdyuk S. I. and Belikov A. A. (1972). The priority developments of the employees of the Laboratory of Boar Reproduction headed by Prof. S. I. Serdiuk, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, were outlined. They carried out complex researches concerning reproduction and artificial fecundation of pigs, namely quality estimation of boar semen using optical standard, deep freezing of boar semen in liquid nitrogen at -196ºС. There were developed and integrated into practice devices for artificial fecundation of pigs POS-5, system of artificial fecundation of pigs on large specialized complexes. The Researchs of the laboratory have enriched the national science with new progressive developments, introduced progressive methods of reproduction in breeding farms of Ukraine.
An overview of domestic and foreign literature sources, as well as data from published own research on cryopreservation of animal sperm. The main historical stages of the creation of methods and technologies for deep freezing of sperm are given. The effectiveness of germ cell freezing depending on the applied endocellular and exocellular cryoprotectants is shown. Own experimental data on the effect of combinations of glycerol with substances of the amide group in cryophylactic media on the state of plasma membranes of sperm after deconservation are presented. Based on the literature data and published results of our experiments, the influence of cooling regimes of animal sperm on its physiological parameters after freezing thawing is shown. Data on the influence of protocols on deconservation of sperm of germs on the state of germ cells are given. As a result of long-term work of scientists, fundamental knowledge has been gained, created cryobiotechnologies that allow storing animal sperm in vitro in a deep-frozen state for almost an unlimited period.
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