Background. It is relevant to consider the possibilities and resources of the family in ensuring the proper development and correcting deficiency of a child with developmental disabilities. The analysis of interaction between an adult and a child as well as the definition of criteria and conditions of a child’s development, constitute theoretical basis for sustaining family resources, which is especially important for the early period of child development. Objective: to describe the characteristics of interaction within the dyad “mother–early age child with developmental disabilities (resulting from neurological pathology)”, to construct a typology of interaction and to determine the conditions of developing interaction for young children. Design. Sample: the dyad “mother-child of early age.” Comparison sample (n = 51): children with normotypic development (NT), the average age 24.8 months. The main sample (n = 54): children with neurological pathology (NP); neurological diagnoses: the consequences of early organic damage of the central nervous system and cerebral palsy, the average age 25.2 months. Research method: video observation of mother and child interaction in the process of joint activity with a set of toys. The data of the primary analysis of video materials in accordance with the author’s scheme were subjected to secondary analysis (assessment of differences between groups, correlation and factor analysis). Results. 4 types of interaction in the dyad “mother — early age child” are singled out. The types differ in the parameters such as: position of the mother in the interaction, level of dialogic interaction, content of the actions of mother and child and their influence on each other, creation of the zone of proximal development. The optimal type of interaction that is favourable for the development of the child is characterized by activity of both the mother and the child, the involvement and productivity of the child. The type that could be regarded as favourable with certain restrictions is the type called “child dominance”, in which the activity of the child prevails, but the activity of the mother is insufficient. The unfavourable types are “mother dominance”, characterised by the predominance of mother’s activity, the obsessive-violent maternal position and the subordinate position of the child, and the parallel type, in which there is no joint activity of mother and child. Conclusion. The study established the relationship between the mother’s actions in relation to the child and his/her productivity and activity, characterised the optimal type of interaction, which creates conditions for the development of the child and the correction of its deficiency. The task for future research is to develop programs that could be used to optimise mother–child interaction in those cases when the implementation of developing interaction is not entirely successful; such programs need to take into account the particular type of interaction within the dyad.
Background. We analysis of interaction between an adult and a child as well as the deXnition of criteria and conditions of a child’s development, constitute theoretical basis for sustaining family resources, which is especially important for the early stage of ontogenesis. Objective. We aim of the study is to describe the characteristics of interaction within the dyad “mother — early age child with developmental disabilities (resulting from neurological pathology)”, as well as to construct a typology of interaction and to determine the conditions of developing interaction for young children. Sample. We study involved dyads “mother-child of early age.” Comparison sample (n = 51) consisted of dyads with children of normotypic development (NT), the average age 24.8 months. We main sample (n = 54) included dyads with children with neurological pathology (NP), the average age 25.2 months. Methods. Video observation of mother and child interaction in the process of joint activity with a set of toys was used as the research method. We data of primary analysis of video materials in accordance with the author’s scheme were subjected to secondary analysis (assessment of diYerences between groups, correlation and factor analysis). Results. 4 types of interaction in the dyad “mother — early age child” are singled out. We types diYer in the parameters such as: position of the mother in the interaction, level of dialogic interaction, content of the actions of mother and child with their inZuence on each other, creation of the zone of proximal development. We optimal type of interaction that is favourable for the development of the child is characterized by the activity of both the mother and the child, the involvement and productivity of the child. We type that could be regarded as favourable with certain restrictions is the type called “child dominance”, in which the activity of the child prevails, but the activity of the mother is insu[cient. We unfavourable types are “mother dominance”, characterised by the predominance of mother’s activity, the obsessive-violent maternal position and the subordinate position of the child, and the parallel type, in which there is no joint activity of mother and child. Conclusion. We study established the relationship between the mother’s actions in relation to the child and his/her productivity and activity, characterised the optimal type of interaction, which creates conditions for the development of the child and the correction of its deXciency. We task for future research is to develop programmes that could be used to optimise mother-child interaction in those cases when the implementation of developing interaction is not entirely successful; such programs need to take into account the particular type of interaction within the dyad.
В статье обоснована необходимость изучения отношения матери к неврологической патологии ребенка с позиций концепции внутренней картины болезни. Отношение к болезни (расстройству, нарушению) у ребенка анализируется в структуре целостного отношения матери к ребенку. Методы исследования. Опросник «Диагностика отношения к болезни ребенка» (В.Е. Каган и И.П. Журавлева) позволяет выявлять 5 компонентов в структуре отношения к болезни ребенка: интернальность, тревожность, нозогнозия, контроль активности, общая напряженность. Выборка исследования. В исследовании участвовали 2 группы матерей, имеющих детей в возрасте от 1 года до 3 лет. В основную группу вошли матери детей с неврологической патологией (n=118), имеющих неврологические диагнозы: последствия раннего органического поражения центральной нервной системы, детский церебральный паралич, другие неврологические расстройства. В контрольную группу вошли матери детей раннего возраста, не имеющих неврологического диагноза (n=159). Результаты и обсуждение. В структуре материнского отношения к болезни ребенка отмечается средний уровень тревожности и общей напряженности; склонность к экстернальному контролю болезни; склонность преувеличивать степень тяжести болезни, но не ограничивать активность ребенка. Степень тяжести болезни ребенка оценивается матерью на основе оценок его здоровья и ума. При объективно более тяжелых нарушениях у ребенка матери склонны к гипернозогнозии. Психологические защиты матери по отношению к ребенку и его заболеванию не предохраняют ее от высокого уровня тревожности и общего напряженного отношения к болезни ребенка, но способствуют недооценке матерью степени тяжести неврологической патологии у ребенка. Отношение матери к болезни ребенка раннего возраста тесно связано с ее общим отношением к ребенку: мать менее напряженно относится к болезни ребенка и воспринимает болезнь ребенка как менее тяжелую, если она хорошо понимает ребенка, причины его поведения и состояния, а также эмоционально принимает его. The article substantiates the need to study the mother’s attitude to the neurological pathology ofthe child from the perspective of the concept of the internal image of the disease. The attitude tothe disease (disorder, violation) of the child is analyzed in the structure of mother’s integral attitudeto the child.Methods. The questionnaire “Diagnostics of attitude to the child’s illness” (V.E. Kagan andI.P. Zhuravleva) lets to identify 5 components in the structure of mother’s attitude to the child’sillness: internality, anxiety, nosognosia, activity control, general tension. The study involved2 groups of mothers with early age children (1–3 years). The main group included mothers of childrenwith neurological pathology (n=118) having neurological diagnoses: consequences of early organicdamage of the central nervous system, cerebral palsy, and other neurological disorders. The controlgroup included mothers of early age children, who does not have a neurological diagnosis (n=159).Results. In the structure of maternal attitude to the child’s illness, there is an average level of anxietyand general tension in connection with the child’s illness; the tendency to external control of thedisease; the tendency to hypernosognosia, but not to limitation of the child’s activity. The severityof a child’s illness is assessed by the mother on the base of assessments of his/her health andintelligence. Having the child with objectively more severe disorders, mothers tend to overestimatethe severity of the neurological pathology of a child.Mother’s psychological defense in relation to the child and their disease does not protect her from ahigh level of anxiety and general tension towards the child’s illness, but contributes to the mother’shyponosognosia.The mother’s attitude to the illness of a young child is closely related to her general attitude to achild: the mother is less stressed about the child’s illness and perceives the child’s illness as lesssevere if she understands the child, the reasons of his/her behavior and condition, and also acceptsit emotionally.
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