Introduction. The issue considered in the article is of relevance due to the innovative vector of modern social and economic development, as well as to the inevitability of transition to the new, sixth, technological order based on a knowledge-intensive mode of production. Processes associated with mastering emerging technologies actively proceed now in the world’s leading economies. The strategic competitiveness of Russia is limited by the state of productive forces and the level of development of industrial relations. To rectify the present situation an impetus that can accelerate the dynamics of economic processes is necessary. The aim of the study is to identify the role of juvenile potential in ensuring sustainable economic development, as well as to determine the conditions for its provision and implementation as a factor in the transition to the sixth technological order. Materials and Methods. The research methodology was based on the general scientific methods (those of scientific abstraction, unity of the historical and the logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy) and the special methods of cognition (the integrative method that implies the necessity to analyze economic, social, legal and other prerequisites). The information base of the research was made up of official statistical data, legal acts, and scientific works in the field of human and juvenile potential. Results. On the basis of the identified system of indicators of juvenile potential, an assessment of its elements and conditions of its fulfillment as a factor in reproduction of productive forces of the sixth technological order was carried out. The revealed disproportions and the negative factors that caused them make it possible to determine the conditions for effective realization of juvenile potential as a social resource for progressive development of the Russian economy in a strategic perspective. Discussion and Conclusion. The scientific importance of the obtained results consists in the elaboration of the scientific concept of juvenile potential, its conceptual and categorical framework, as well as in the systematization of theoretical approaches to the development of performance indicators. The results can be used to substantiate promising directions of socio-economic, youth, and education policies, as well as those dealing with organization and monitoring of socio-economic development of the state and territories.
A feature of the current stage of economic development is the process of changing the technological structure. In a strategic perspective, the competitiveness of the domestic economy is possible if de-industrialization is overcome and neo-industrial productive forces are reproduced. The article substantiates that the key factor in the formation of the productive forces of the future is investing in the human potential of young people. The essence and directions of such investments are examined, imbalances and negative manifestations are identified, which should be eliminated as part of the consistent implementation of the strategy of investing in the human potential of young people.
Problem and purpose. Digital transformation is a key trend of the economic development. Russia still lags behind countries leading in the digitalization. Insufficient development of relevant skills is one of the constraints. The share of Generation Z (born in 1996 and later) will achieve 25% of the labor force by 2025. This statement emphasizes the need to develop competencies for the younger generation that respond to the requirements of the digital economy. The purpose of the study is to assess the contribution of the Russian higher education system to the reproduction of the juvenile potential of the economy in the context of its digital transformation, to identify constraining factors and develop basic recommendations aimed at eliminating them. Materials and methods. The study is based on the use of economic and mathematical methods, including factorial, correlation and regression analysis. The dynamic series of indicators characterizing the state of the investigated sphere in 2001–2019 have been studied. For analytical data processing, the software capabilities of the Statistica package are used. Research results. The author's system of indicators has been developed, which makes it possible to assess the role and capabilities of the higher education system for the reproduction of the juvenile potential of the digital economy – 18 indicators characterizing the financial and material-technical, intellectual, educational potential, the coverage of young people with higher education programs, the effectiveness system of higher education. The formula for calculating the integral indicator of the juvenile potential is mathematically substantiated. Modeling of the dependence of the integral indicator on a set of influencing factors has shown that with an increase in the number of teaching staff by 1 sigma, the integral indicator of juvenile potential will on average increase by 1.758 sigma while fixing other exogenous variables at a constant average level; with an increase in the number of personal computers used for educational purposes by 1000 students per 1 sigma, the integral indicator of juvenile potential will, on average, increase by 1.078 sigma, while fixing other exogenous variables at a constant average level. Discussion and conclusion. The study showed that for the formation of the juvenile potential of the digital economy of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to develop the human resources of higher education and its digital environment. To solve the designated tasks, a system of measures has been developed.
Problem and goal. To ensure the strategic Russian economy competitiveness at the present stage we have to provide education and training for specialists and workers at the highest quality level. Workers should be able to perform labor functions under the new reality (digitalisation, robotisation, automatization of production and management activities), work with highly sophisticated technology and equipment, as well to reproduce it. The goal of the research is to estimate potential of Russian educational system to reproduction of the juvenile capacity of the economy; to offer basic recommendations for its development and implementation. Materials and methods. The states of human potential concept, theory of the technological orders, neo-industrial development are the methodological basis of the research. Results. The Russian Federation ranked 39th in the rating of states by the level of education. Russian Preschool Education Quality Index is 3,2. It is lower than the level of highly developed countries. For example, Finland has 5,34 points. According to international monitoring of school quality (PIPLS, TIMSS, PISA), it is relatively high in Russia and continues to improve. But 28% of Russian pupils have no practical knowledge application skills. Only 15% of pupils have abilities to study in distanced way. No one of Russian universities is included in the Top-100 of worlds universities. Near 32% of university graduates and 41% of post-secondary education graduates do not work in their professional sphere. There are some restrictions such as infrastructure, material, technical support of educational activities, low level of the educational process personification, insufficient opportunities for the digital skills development, shortage of the attention to the identification and development of children's individual abilities and talents, formation of soft skills. Discussion and conclusions. The authors propose a system of basic recommendations for the education system modernization. The practice implementation of the offered recommendations brings modern educational system with the up-to-date requirements of scientific, technical and socio-economic development. The key condition is to increase the level of education expenditure to the level of the leading states (5 % of GDP and higher).
The subject of the study is the features of economic relations between income and wealth distribution/redistribution in Europe and Russia from the perspective of the need to overcome excessive socio-economic inequality. The aim of the article is to determine the level of existing socio-economic inequality, to make cross-country comparisons of income and wealth differentials in society, and then to substantiate the possibilities of applying the best practices of foreign countries to reduce socio-economic inequality in Russia. The methods of research are philosophical (dialectical, critical), general scientific (methods of scientific abstraction, the unity of the historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, classification), private scientific (economic and mathematical, statistical, functional). The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of the theory and methodology of A. Ya. Kiruta and A. Yu. Shevyakov on excessive inequality. The recommendations proposed by the authors to reduce excessive inequality in Russia represent the practical significance. The study shows that the EU countries, which are characterized by smooth income distribution, are extremely unequal in wealth distribution. The Russian economy has excessive levels of inequality in terms of both income and wealth. At the same time, there is a polarization of Russian society and a concentration of income in the hands of the upper percipient. The Gini coefficient, the Kaitz index, and the ratio of median and minimum wages demonstrate the extreme degree of inequality in income distribution among Russians. The research investigates the losses from existing levels of inequality in the EU countries and Russia through changes in human development indices. The authors conclude that socio-economic policy aimed at reducing excessive inequality in Russia should be based on the principle of social federalism. Russia needs a comprehensive strategy to combat social stratification and a consistent policy aimed at the formation of a full-fledged middle class. The authors consider it necessary to introduce in Russia a non-taxable minimum income tax, a progressive scale of gift and inheritance taxes, and the introduction of a new wealth tax.
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