Drawing is a fundamental skill in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines to express one’s reasoning and externalize mental models in problem-solving. Although research has highlighted the effectiveness of drawing as a learning strategy and the importance of drawing accuracy for learning success, little is known about learners’ actual drawing process. However, especially in organic chemistry, the investigation of drawing processes is of great importance as generating different representations, such as structural formulas, is inherent to problem-solving in this visual-laden discipline. Resonance structures, for example, are often used to estimate reactive sites in a molecule and to propose reaction pathways. However, this type of representation places a high cognitive demand on learners, which, besides conceptual difficulties, leads to drawing difficulties. To support learners in drawing and using resonance structures in problem-solving, it is necessary to characterize how they generate their drawings. To this end, a qualitative, exploratory study has been conducted to investigate undergraduate students’ (N = 20) drawing processes of resonance structures while solving an organic case comparison task. Using eye-tracking, the characteristics regarding the construction of productive and unproductive drawings became visible. Results indicate that unproductive drawings often stem from integrating and connecting unrelated information during the drawing process. Further, the results show that the productivity of a drawing depends on learners’ flexibility in information selection. Implications for supporting learners’ drawing process and using eye-tracking for characterizing drawing processes in other STEM disciplines are discussed.
Zusammenfassung: DasZeichnen vonStrukturformeln istinder OrganischenChemievon großer Bedeutung, da Strukturdarstellungene in wichtigesK ommunikationsmittelu nd Werkzeug im Problemlçseprozess darstellen. Anhand derK onstruktion mesomererG renzformelni st es beispielsweise mçglich, Reaktivitätenu nd Struktureigenschaftenvon Verbindungen abzuleiten.Obwohlinder fachdidaktischen Forschungherausgestellt wurde, dass Lernendend as Mesomerie-KonzeptSchwierigkeiten bereitet,wurde derZeichenprozess vonm e-somerenG renzformelnb ishern icht betrachtet.D abei hilftd er Einsatzv on Eye-Tr acking,d as Zeichnen prozessbezogenund detailliertzubeleuchten. Dervorliegende Beitragpräsentiert daherexemplarischanhandvon Ausschnitten einerS tudiez ur Untersuchung derZ eichenprozessev on Studierenden zu mesomerenG renzformeln,welcheMçglichkeitendie Nutzungvon Eye-Tr acking zurAnalyse vonZeichenprozessenbietet.
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