The original technological method of the maize cob processing has been developed at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, by which lignocellulose granules of different particle sizes are produced from the cob. Different chemical composition and physical and chemical properties of these fractions, and especially a great capacity of binding liquids particularly oil and water determine, their usage as degreasing and drying means. Due to their great hardness and abrasive capacity, products made from ground cobs are usable for polishing in the metal processing industry, while the composition of certain compounds (pento-san) are of a particular importance in the chemical industry for the pro duction of furfural and its derivates. As these products are inert, of neutral pH and free of heavy metals they are used as organic carriers in the pro duction of pesticides and agro-chemicals, as well as, in cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry
Soybean kernels of cultivars Bosa and ZPS 015 were used in the experiment. The contents of available lysine as well as water and salt soluble proteins, were analysed in fresh soybean kernels, soybean products made after the processes of dry extrusion, micronisation, microwave toasting and autoclaving. Utilizing a technological procedure of processing, kernels were exposed to temperatures from 57 to 150• C.The duration of exposure of the soybean kernels to the increased temperatures, ranged from 25-30 seconds in dry extrusion to 30 minutes in autoclaving. All treatments were subjected to different sources of heat, causing different thermodynamic processes to take place in kernels and change their chemical composition; i.e. nutritive quality. The content of water and salt soluble proteins decreased under the influence of higher temperatures in the course of all treatments of processing. The drop of solubility already was drastically effected by temperatures of 100 • C in dry extrusion, while there was a gradual decrease in other treatments. The content of available lysine was determined by the modified Carpenter methods with DNFB. The processes of micronisation and microwave toasting showed the greatest effect on the reduction of lysine availability. Dry extrusion and autoclaving, performed within closed systems -in which the increased moisture content has a special effect -resulted in significantly smaller changes of the available lysine content.
Inactivation of trypsin inhibitor, lipoxygenase 1, and urease during the processes of dry extrusion, wet extrusion, micronisation, microwave roasting and autoclaving were studied. Cultivars Bosa, ZPS 015, Goyou Kurakake and L93-7290 were used in the experiment. Depending on a technological procedure of processing, kernels were exposed to temperatures from 57 to 150 oC for different time: from 25-30 sec in the process of dry and wet extrusion, to 30 min in autoclaving. The process of dry extrusion had the greatest influence on reduction of the trypsin inhibitor content and inactivation of urease and lipoxygenase 1. During the dry extrusion at 100 oC trypsin inhibitor declined by 74.2 % and the residual activity of a lipoxygenase 1 and urease was only 0.76 i.e. 0.55 %, respectively. Lipoxygenase 1 was the most heat labile enzyme, followed by urease and than trypsin inhibitor.
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