Earnings management is a globally used tool for long-term profitable enterprises and for the apparatus of reduction of bankruptcy risk in developed countries. This phenomenon belongs to the integral and fundamental part of their business finance. However, this has still been lax in emerging countries. The models of detections of the existence of earnings management are based on discretionary accrual. The goal of this article is to detect the existence of earnings management in emerging countries by times series analysis. This econometric investigation uses the observations of earnings before interest and taxes of 1089 Slovak enterprises and 1421 Bulgarian enterprises in financial modelling. Our findings confirm the significant existence of earnings management in both analyzed countries, based on a quantitative analysis of unit root and stationarity. The managerial activities are purposeful, which is proven by the existence of no stationarity in the time series and a clear occurrence of the unit root. In addition, the results highlight the year 2014 as a significant milestone of change in the development of earnings management in both countries, based on homogeneity analyses. These facts identify significant parallels between Slovak and Bulgarian economics and business finance.
Corruption as a phenomenon can be found in every country and society. It accompanies human development from antiquity to the present day. The main perceptions of corruption is that it is an undesirable phenomenon which negatively affects society, contributes to the imbalance in the distribution of public goods and adversely affects the economy and society`s confidence in state governance and state`s institutions efficiency. Modern economy is permanently evolving and becoming more interdependent, especially in the age of globalization nevertheless corruption phenomenon still has influence despite the continual strategies for its limitation. Anti-corruption legislation at global, regional and national level is constantly developing and irrespective of the different legal systems and different anti-corruption strategies, it remains a constant in society`s life and influences their growth. At least that is what the first studies results on corruption impact on countries` economies development in the 1960s 1970s of the 20th century have demonstrated. The aim of this research is to assess the corruption impact on the Bulgarian economy, reflecting the contemporary reality in which the Bulgarian business develops its activities. The main research method is the method of the response and for the procession of the information are used statistical methods method of observation, method of the group, method of the analysis and graphic method. The analysis and conclusions on the problem are based on a data survey, where representatives of the business enterprises from South-West region had an opportunity to answer questions, aimed at revealing the most common corruption practices and how they affect their normal business activity.
Research background: The globalization of the European countries within the EU and the Eurozone is primarily economic and is expressed by the free trade and the movement of capital and labour, which determines the incomes and the GDP. Globalization and its impact on inequality is becoming an essential and problematic issue, especially in the context of on-going economic integration processes between the countries in Europe, which seek to converge their economic, social and political systems in the Euro area. The process of inequality has become even more relevant in the context of globalization. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to examine the impact of globalization on the inequality in the developed and the emerging economies in Europe. Methods: On the basis of an econometric assessment, a comparative analysis of the effect of globalization on the inequality in the developed European countries and the emerging countries is carried out. Findings & Value added: The paper analyses the essential aspects and the effects of the income inequality dynamics, both horizontally and vertically. It also addresses the question of whether the effect of globalization on the economic growth and the inequality is the same for the developing and the developed countries, respectively. Based on the research, seven important conclusions are reached.
The use of online reservation systems has become a must for hospitality businesses. This article is focused on the use of www.booking.com as an online search engine for accommodation in a family hotel in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria. The aim of the research is to analyze the behavior of people, using one of the best performing online travel agencies in the world for hotel room reservation. The article reveals interesting statistical facts about the nationality of the guests and how far ahead of time reservations are made. Data for the electronic device, which is used to make a reservation, is stated in the article. The "best price" clause of booking.com is taken into account, as it is being banned in some EU countries, but still influencing the decision making process of hotel customers. A brief outlook of the ''most favored nation'' ("MFN") clause, also known as 'price parity' or 'best price' clause ("BPC") and its application in EU countries is included. JEL Classification Numbers: K21, L83,
Nowadays, the topic of corruption is extremely relevant, not only in terms of clarifying its nature and appearance, but also in terms of its impact on business development. Corruption as a phenomenon goes through constant changes from the past to the present. Its growing significance from a resource redistribution tool to a regulator of social mechanisms, plays the role of a risk factor for the economic development of each country. In this context, the role of corruption is crucial for the business. Its importance in the economic and business climate, on one hand limits the input of foreign capital investment and on other hand slows the development of the companies, leading to an incorrect redistribution of their assets. As a result, there are significant losses for the business, as well as there is a disturbance of the economic cycle of the country. At the same time, business is an area predisposed to corruption. There are numerous possibilities for committing crimes and unethical behavior in this area. It is therefore necessary to analyze the impact of corruption on business development. In this regard, the aim of this report is to make a comparative analysis of the impact of corruption on the business in Bulgaria and Romania.
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