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Root canal system is complex to understand because of its unpredictable nature. It differs for different teeth and for the same teeth in different individuals. Successful endodontic therapy thus depends on the clinician's ability to anticipate and look for these variations. A mandibular first molar with six root canals represents a rare anatomical variant, particularly when four canals are found in distal root. This case report discusses successful nonsurgical endodontic management of two-root mandibular first molar with four distal canals and two mesial canals reported for the first time in Indian population. Cone beam computed tomography was used as a diagnostic method to confirm the position and presence of 4 root canals in the distal root.

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Background and Aims: A child usually takes up the behavioural habits by observing the parents at home. The mapping of the current level of influence of parents' practices over children is necessary for developing any preventive programs therefore the aim of the study was to determine the influence of familial oral health habits on the adolescent children belonging to rural background. Method: The present cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted on 236 rural participants (parents and their children) reporting to a private dental college in a rural set up in India. Questions on demographics, oral hygiene habits and oral health knowledge were asked. Chi-square test and unpaired 't' test was used to determine the differences between parents and children. The cut-off point was set at (0.05). Results: A total of 95 parents considered themselves having good oral health, majority of their children ( n = 74; 77.9%) matched their perception. Most of the parents ( n = 124) and children ( n = 108) reported to dentist only in case of any dental problem. Maximum participant, 85.6% parents and 81.4% children brushed their teeth once a day. Mean knowledge score were higher in children (11.06 ± 2.68) and difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Most children (74.6%) learned to brush from their mother followed by father (10.2%). Conclusion: Correct knowledge regarding good oral hygiene practices should be rendered to the parents so that they will successfully transfer these habits to their youngsters.

Introduction:The present study was conducted to assess risk factors associated with dental implant failure. Materials and Methods:This study was conducted in the department of Prosthodontics. It included 150 dental implants. Data regarding name, age, gender, diameter of implant and bone quality were considered and evaluated. Results: Out of 150 patients, (with 180 implant) male were 77 (60.5%) with 96 (64%) dental implants and female were 73 (39.4%) with 84 (36%) dental implants. There were 34 (10.5%) dental implant failure of which 22 (11.8%) were in male and 12 (8.3%) in female. The difference found to be significant (P< 0.05). Maximum dental implant failure was seen in with <10 mm in (15%) length. The difference found to be significant (P< 0.05). Maximum dental implant failure was seen in dental implant with <3.75 mm width in (14.8%). Maximum dental implant failure was seen with type IV bone in (15.7%). Conclusion: Dental implant failure was high in dental implant with length <10.0 mm, with <3.75 mm width, type IV bone and among male.

Background: Clinical opportunistic screening can be valuable for diagnosis of oral cancer/precancer prior to development of symptoms. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and present practices of primary health care providers regarding oral cancer screening. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire study was carried out on doctors working in primary health centres of Patna district, Bihar. A total of 10 questions in true/false or multiple choice format assessed the knowledge on oral cancer screening. Attitude and practices were evaluated by seven questions each on a 5-point Likert scale. Unpaired t -test and one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test was applied to determine the significance difference between the mean scores of knowledge and demographic variables. The significance level was set at below 0.05. Results: The total mean knowledge scores were 6.5 ± 2.17. Response analysis showed that regarding opinion on only 28% health care providers agreed or strongly agreed that they have adequate knowledge regarding detection of oral cancer. It was found that 44.7% never/rarely examined the oral cavity of the patient. Only 14% and 16% doctors aid with the cessation of habits and advised dietary changes in patients with precancerous lesions/conditions, respectively. Conclusion: Capacity building of primary care physicians is very crucial for a successful screening program. The present study reveals that the training activities of healthcare providers in oral screening need to be reinforced.

Many patients undergo orthodontic treatment for aesthetic improvement. It is well established that the patients who undergo orthodontic treatment have a high susceptibility to present plaque accumulation on their teeth because of the presence of brackets, wires and/or other orthodontic elements on the teeth surfaces with which the oral hygiene procedures might be more difficult. The orthodontic treatment is a double-action procedure regarding the periodontal tissues which may be very meaningful in increasing the periodontal health status and may be a harmful procedure which can be followed by several types of periodontal complications. There is a strong correlation between the severity and extent of gingival recessions and the orthodontic treatment suggesting that orthodontic tooth movement may lead to gingival recession. The principal objective in the treatment of gingival recession is to cover the exposed root surfaces to improve aesthetics and to reduce hypersensitivity. Different soft tissue grafting procedures have been proposed in the treatment of gingival recessions. Free gingival graft is a reliable method for treatment of gingival recession. The purpose of this case report was to illustrate the relationship between orthodontic therapy and gingival recession and to describe the management of this case.