Gorontalo is the biggest city and the forerunner of the present Gorontalo Province. Gorontalo has been existing since traditional era, Islamic kingdoms, colonial, and up to the present. During the traditional and kingdom era, Gorontalo was the small kingdom included in Ternate area. In fact, it witnessed the changes of power during colonial era when it was excluded from Manado regency. It remained the same even until independence time, Gorontalo became the area of North Sulawesi Province until in the year 2000 became its own province. The purpose of this research is to reveal the morphological development of the city respectivelly from traditional to colonial era in addition to find out the background factor of the morphological development. This research used urban archaeology whose main studies are urban components, including urban planning as well as city life as the inseperable component. This research underwent the following steps, collecting data, analysis and interpreting data resulted in a conclusion. The data collections includes primary data and secondary one (archive, text, maps, and other literacy sources). The result suggested that during traditional era the morphological city of Gorontalo was simple, and the settlement was spreading in small groups and doesn not have a regular urban planning component. The starting point as a city with regular spatial components began during the reign of Sultan Botutihe. Subsequent developments in the colonial period of the city center moved to the south referring to the rule of law of indies.
Abstrak. Pasar adalah tempat di mana pembeli dan penjual melakukan interaksi mereka dan telah ada sejak zaman kuna Bali. Ada prasasti yang menunjukkan beberapa istilah teknis yang mengacu pada aktivitas penjualan dan pembelian di pasar. Tulisan ini membahas hasil studi pustaka terhadap 16 prasasti Bali yang diterbitkan antara 882 Masehi sampai dengan 1023 Masehi. Kajian prasasti ini menghasilkan pemahaman bahwa masyarakat Bali tidak hanya berinteraksi di antara mereka sendiri, tetapi juga dengan penjual dari tempat lain. Mereka menjual kebutuhan sehari-hari seperti produk pertanian dan perkebunan, serta kerajinan dan ternak. Pemasaran produk dilakukan dengan ataupun tanpa sarana transportasi, yang diawasi oleh pejabat-pejabat perdagangan. A. PendahuluanPasar merupakan tempat berinteraksi antara penjual dan pembeli dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup seharihari. Pasar memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat, namun keberadaannya saat ini mulai tergusur dengan adanya mini market dan supermarket.Keberadaan pasar di Indonesia sudah ada sejak dahulu, dimulai dengan sistem tukarmenukar barang (barter), hingga menggunakan mata uang seperti yang terjadi saat ini. Keberadaan pasar pada masa Bali Kuno pada abad IX -XI Masehi, dapat diketahui dari adanya istilah-istilah yang berkaitan dengan jual beli dalam beberapa prasasti Bali Kuno. Beberapa istilah tersebut Balai Arkeologi Manado, Telepon/ facsimile +62-431-866733
Indies buildings in Gorontalo are spread within several areas, namely Ipilo, Biawao, and Tenda. These buildings serve as offices, houses, schools, hotels, religious building, and shop. Research on indies buildings in Gorontalo aims to find its locational pattern and to determine the relationship among those buildings. This research uses descriptive method with an inductive approach. Analysis of the data using the nearest neighbour analysis. The results showed a locational pattern of Indies buildings are clustered around the square. Based on their function, houses, and hotel are clustered, while school and office buildings are randomly located. The relationship between the building relates to the function of each building. Residential and office buildings are located adjacent to the effectiveness. School buildings are spread to facilitate access to people living in all parts of the town. Religious building is located in the center to facilitate access from every direction, and shops are clustered adjacent to the market as the economic center.
Gorontalo is one of the areas around Tomini bay which is the place used for fighting in the surrounding kingdoms (Ternate, Tidore, Palasa, Bugis, Makassar), againts the Netherlands. In addition, the Gorontalo region was targeted by the Mindanao (Mangindano) and Galela pirates who controlled the waters of Tomini Bay. To deal with these attacks, three fortresses was built at the opening of the Bone Bolango River overlooking Tomini Bay in different period. The location is very strategic and became the main gateway to Gorontalo from the sea. This study aims to determine the development of the fortress in Gorontalo, role and function in each period. The research method used is historical archeology, which combine archeological data with written sources. The results showed that there were three periods of fortification construction in Gorontalo, namely; the Sultan Botutihe period, the VOC period, and the Dutch East Indies colonial period which had different character and function.
Manado has been the capital of the region since the colonial period, starting from the VOC, the Dutch East Indies, until now. Nowadays, the development made the old city area of Manado have no longer trace. Few people know this area because there are no archeological remains in the old city of Manado. The purpose of writing to find out the background of the selection of the location of the city of Manado and the development of the colonial city. The method used in this study is urban archeology. The results showed the geographical condition of the Manado coast which was flat, near the river mouth and there were no settlements before it became a consideration for Europeans making settlements. The forerunner of the city of Manado began with Loji, fortresses, ports, and developed into an administrative city. The development of administrative status improves the facilities and spatial management of the city of Manado.
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