BackgroundTuberculosis is a disease that can involve every organ system. While pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common presentation, extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT) is also an important clinical problem. The current study aimed to outline and compare the demographic and clinical features of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in adults.MethodsMedical records of 411 patients (190 women, 221 men) treated between January 2010 and July 2014 in provincial tuberculosis control dispensary was retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases.ResultsOf these 411 cases, 208 (50.6 %) had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 203 were diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) (49.4 %). The average ages for PTB and EPTB groups were 33.00-27.00 and 31.00-29.75, respectively (p = 0.513). Men were more frequently affected by PTB (59.6 %), while EPTB was more commonly detected in women (52.2 %) (p = 0.016). Main diagnostic modalities for PTB were sputum/smear analyses (72.7 %), clinical-radiological data (21.7 %) and biopsy (6.1 %); while biopsy (71.5 %), sputum/fluid analysis (18.8 %) and clinical-radiological data (4.9 %) were used for confirming EPTB (p < 0.0019). The most common sites of EPTB involvement were lymph nodes (39.4 %), followed by pleura (23.6 %), peritoneum (9.9 %) and bone (7.4 %).ConclusıonsExtrapulmonary involvement of tuberculosis is common and females are more likely to be affected. Increased clinical awareness is important since atypical presentations of the disease may constitute diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Background: The hepatitis B virus is a significant pathogen that causes cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer as a result of the damage it causes to liver cells. Its infection affects more than 400 million people globally. Although there is an effective vaccine and treatment methods, almost 1, 000, 000 people die every year. Objective: To investigate paraoxonase and arylesterase activities along with oxidative status parameters and serum lipid levels, and to find out if there is any increased susceptibility to atherogenesis. Methods: Thirty-four subjects with chronic hepatitis B and 39 healthy subjects as control were enrolled in the study. Age, body mass index and gender, Serum Triglycerides (TG), High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, serum paraoxonase-1 and arylesterase activities were determined. Oxidative and antioxidative statuses were evaluated by measuring serum-free sulfhydryl groups, lipid hydroperoxide levels, total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index. Results: Serum TG and LDL levels were higher while serum HDL levels were lower in patients with chronic hepatitis B than in controls but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Serum paraoxonase-1 and arylesterase activities, plasma free sulfhydryl groups, and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in patients than in controls (p=0.018, p=0.005, p<0.001, p=0.037 respectively), while lipid hydroperoxide, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were significantly higher (for all p<0.001). Conclusion:The diminution in the paraoxonase-1 and arylesterase activities could contribute to the accelerated development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

To conclude, our results suggest that suPAR can be a useful diagnostic biomarker in patients with VAP. However, clinical trials on larger series are warranted to explore the clinical significance more accurately.

Objectives: COVID-19 is an important viral disease that affects human health significantly. It has recently become widespread worldwide. The oxidant/antioxidant balance has an important effect on viral infections. This study investigated superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), disulphide (DS), oxidative DNA damage, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in COVID-19 patients. Material and methods: 35 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and 35 healthy volunteers at Dursun Odabaş Medical Center were included in the study. Levels of GSH, GPx, SOD, NT, TT and DS were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serum samples. MDA and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine/106deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG/106dG) were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the serum samples. Results: SOD, GSH-PX, GSH, NT and TT levels were lower in the COVID-19 patient group compared to the healthy control group, while the levels of DS and 8-OHdG/106dG were significantly higher (p=0.001). In addition, there were a negative correlation between 8-OHdG/106dG and GSH, NT and TT, while there was a positive correlation with DS. Conclusion: This study revealed that SOD, GPX, MDA, 8-OHdG, and DS increased and GSH, NT, and TT decreased in COVID-19 patients. These results revealed that COVID-19 patients have reduced levels of antioxidant proteins and increased oxidative stress markers.

Background: Objectives: The main aim of this study was to compare, by a new automated colorimetric method, oxidant and anti-oxidant status of those who fast during Ramadan and those who do not. For this purpose, total oxidant status (TOS), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) levels and oxidative stress index (OSI) were analysed. By doing this, we hope to examine whether fasting has any beneficial effect on human health.Materials and methods: Fifty seven people were included in this study. Of these, 30 people had been fasting during the month of Ramadan for at least ten years, but 27 had never fasted in their life. On the 15th day of Ramadan, blood samples were obtained from both groups after 12 hours of fasting. Results: The TAC levels of the fasting group (1.29±0,19) was quite higher than the non-fasting group (1,09±0,16) [EIC2][ICD3][ICD4](p< 0.001). Similarly, in the fasting group TOS level and the OSI (respectively 12,77±2,23 and 1,01±0,25) was quite lower [EIC5][ICD6][ICD7] than in the non-fasting group (respectively 14,15±2,04 and 1,33±0,30), (p<=0.019 and p<0.001, respectively).These findings show that the TOS level of non-fasting group was high. This oxidative stress might cause various illnesses. Therefore, fasting could play a significant part in health-protection by increasing total anti-oxidant capacity.Keywords: Fasting Ramadan, oxidative parameters.

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Background: Increasing the sensitivity and availability of LC-MS / MS devices may provide advantages in terms of revealing the changes in metabolic pathways in HIV-positive patients and elucidating the physiopathology. Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the difference in amino acid level between HIV-positive patients and healthy individuals by using LC-MS / MS, and to investigate its relationship with HIV infection. Material and Methods: Concentrations of 36 different amino acids and their derivatives were measured and compared in venous plasma samples from 24 HIV-positive patients and 24 healthy individuals by using the LC-MS/MS method (Shimadzu North America, Columbia, MD, USA). Results: HIV-positive subjects had significantly lower alanine, 1-methyl-L-histidine, valine, aspartate, cysteine, cystine, methionine, lysine, glutamine, imino acid, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine, sarcosine, and argininosuccinic acid and significantly higher 3-methyl-L -histidine, asparagine glutamate, and carnosine levels as compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were detected in other amino acids. Conclusion: The significant differences in amino acid profile between HIV-positive and healthy subjects may represent an auxiliary biomarker of cellular damage in asymptomatic HIV-positive patients that may be examined in more detail in further studies. It may also provide guidance for symptomatic cases in terms of the association between symptoms, clinical manifestations and deficiency or excess of certain amino acids in the context of the complete metabolomics record of HIV-positive patients.

1675İki Yüz Dört Bakteriyel Menenjit Olgusunun Retrospektif İncelenmesi Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Ocak 1995-Ağus tos 2008 ta rih le ri ara sın da Yü zün cü Yıl Üni ver si te si Tıp Fa kül te si İnfek si yon Has ta lık la rı Ser vis in de bak te ri yel me nen jit ta nı sıy la ta kip le ri ya pı lan ol gu la rı mı zın klinik ve la bo ra tu ar bul gu la rı nın ret ros pek tif de ğer len di ril me si amaç lan dı. G Ge e r re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön n t te em m l le er r: : Hasta la rın de mog ra fik özel lik le ri, anam nez le ri, fi zik mu a ye ne ve la bo ra tu ar bul gu la rı dos ya la rı nın ta ran ma sı ile el de edil di. Bak te ri yel me nen jit ta nı sı; kli nik açı dan me nen jit şüp he li ol gu lar da, beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) 'nın mik ro bi yo lo jik, bi yo kim ya sal ve se ro lo jik, merkezi sinir sistemi (MSS)'nin rad yo lo jik tet kik le ri ve an ti mik ro bi yal te da vi ye ver dik le ri ya nıt la rın bir lik te de ğer len di ril me si ile ko nul du. B Bu ul l g gu u l la ar r: : İki yüz dört ol gu nun 96'sı ka dın, 108'i er kek, yaş or ta la ma sı 30.8 ± 13.9 idi. Olgu la rın %33'ü akut bak te ri yel me nen jit (ABM), %44'ü tü ber kü loz me nen jit (TM), %23'ü bru sel la me nen ji ti (BrM) idi. Baş ağ rı sı en faz la gö rü len semp tom olup (%80), ABM 'li ol gu la rın %89.5, TM'li ol gu la rın %71 ve BrM'li ol gu la rın %74.5'in de mev cut tu. ABM 'li has ta la rın BOS kül tü rün de S. pneu mo ni a e %13.4, N. me nin gi ti dis %7.5 ve S. au re us %3 ora nın da izo le edil di. TM'li has ta la rın %20'sin de asi do re zis tan bak te ri gös te ril di. BrM'li has ta la rı nın %10.6'sın da BOS' tan, %17.2'sin de kan dan B. me li ten sis izo le edil di. Mor ta li te ora nı ABM için %13.4, TM için %14.4 ve BrM için %2.1 idi. S So o n nu uç ç: : Tü ber kü loz me nen jit böl ge miz de di ğer bak te ri yel me nen jit ler den da ha sık gö rül mek te ve yük sek mor ta li te ve mor bi di te si ile dik ka ti çek mek te dir. Bru sel la me nen jit ler ise kli nik ve la bora tu var bul gu la rı di ğer bak te ri yel me nen jit le re gö re da ha si lik sey ret mek te dir.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Me nen jit, bak te ri yel; tü ber kü loz, me nin ge al; bru sel la A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : We ai med to ret ros pec ti vely eva lu a te our ca ses fol lo wed up in de part ment of In fec ti o us Di se a ses, Me di cal Fa culty of Yü zün cü Yıl Uni ver sity with the di ag no sis of bac te ri al menin gi tis bet we en Ja nu ary 1995 and Au gust 2008 in vi ew of the ir cli ni cal and la bo ra tory fin dings. M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : De mog rap hic fe a tu res, his tory, physi cal exa mi na ti on and la bo ra tory fin dings we re ac hi e ved by scre e ning the fi les. The di ag no sis of bac te ri al me nin gi tis in ca ses cli ni cally con sis tent with sus pected me nin gi tis was do ne by mic ro bi o lo gi cal, bi oc he mi cal and se ro lo gi cal tests per for med on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samp les, by ra di o lo gi cal ex...