Aim: The aim of the review was to identify intimate partner violence screening interventions used in emergency departments (ED) and to explore factors affecting intimate partner violence screening in EDs.Background: Intimate partner violence against women is now clearly recognised as a global health and societal issue. Nurses working in emergency and urgent care settings can play a crucial role in identification, prevention and management of intimate partner violence Research exploring optimal methods of IPV screening and factors affecting intimate partner violence screening in EDs is relatively limited.

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Space • defi nes depth, transparency, size, shape/form and texture Time • indicates movement, fl icker, sparkle (vitality), fl uctuation and glitter. In dentistry the pink gingival colour indicates health, correct tooth proportion (shape) conveys pleasing aesthetics, and a smile infers a pleasurable moment in time.

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