Uncontrolled urbanization causes local flooding and deterioration of the water quality of receivers as a result of an increase in peak flow rate and increased washing out of contaminants from the catchment area. Currently, classic storage tanks are most often used. An alternative solution may be the use of Low Impact Development (LID), i.e. the preservation and restoration of natural landscape elements, minimizing the imperviousness of the catchment in the form of rain barrels, permeable walkways or bio-retention reservoirs. The comparison of both techniques was carried out using the Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). The influence of several solutions on a selected urbanized catchment located in Gorzów Wielkopolski was tested.
The article presents an analysis of water consumption in selected settlement units of Lower Silesia and Lubuskie Provinces, with the number of inhabitants varying from less than 200 to more than 8000. Based on data over several years, values characterizing water consumption in individual systems were calculated, i.e., the indicator of water consumption per capita as well as hourly and daily irregularity coefficients. Consumption during various time frames – in individual months of the year, days of the week and hours of the day - was also compiled. The obtained results were the bases for comparison with values provided by Guidelines, which are the basis for calculating for water demand; and Regulation, which is the basis for billing water consumption, as well as with the results of other authors. Tendencies characterizing water consumption in the subsequent years were also indicated. A typical weekly and daily (24-hour) course of consumption was observed, with the course being characteristic of small settlements with varying numbers of inhabitants.
The paper presents the problem of working conditions in gravitationalpressure systems simulation. The practical example takes into account the dynamical analysis of a system equipped with 10 pump stations with different functions. Both local press stations, local stations for shallowing network and transit pumping stations between the towns were used. The model allowed to optimize the active volume of the pump station tanks, the selection of pumps, including the frequency of power on and the time of holding the sewage.
During heavy precipitation, chemical and biological pollutants from urban and agricultural areas enter the waters from storm overflows as a result of infiltration and inflow, as well as via uncontrolled outflows from water treatment plants. Infiltration and inflow of rainwater into sewers is an especially popular and major worldwide problem. Climate forecasts indicate changes in climatic conditions towards an increase in the intensity and frequency of torrential rainfalls. It may therefore be assumed that the negative impact of rainwater on water quality will increase. This article attempts to address the question of the impact of pollution from wastewater introduced into water during rainy weather to the receiver. The assessment of the impact of rainfalls on a receiver was carried out on the basis of a simulation of pollution loads from sewage introduced into a river by storm overflows based on data from monitoring the amount of rainfall and simulating the operation of storm overflows using Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). The obtained results were compared with the pollutant loads discharged at the same time from the sewage treatment plant (STP). In addition, the article assesses possible improvement solutions to reduce the negative impact of storm overflows on water.
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