Cemented stabilized rammed earth (CSRE) is a building material used to build load bearing walls from locally available soil. The article analyzes the influence of soil mineral composition on CSRE compressive strength. Compression tests of CSRE samples of various mineral compositions, but the same particle size distribution, water content, and cement content were conducted. Based on the compression strength results and analyzed SEM images, it was observed that even small changes in the mineral composition significantly affected the CSRE compressive strength. From the comparison of CSRE compressive strength result sets, one can draw general qualitative conclusions that montmorillonite lowered the compressive strength the most; beidellite also lowered it, but to a lesser extent. Kaolinite lightly increased the compressive strength.
The pa per pres ents the re sults of swell in dex, swell ing pres sure and soil suc tion tests car ried out on Neo gene clays from War saw, de pend ing on the wa ter con tent, clay frac tion, liq uid limit, plas tic ity in dex, cat ion ex change ca pac ity, and con tent of clay min er als and beidellite. These clays are con sid ered ex pan sive soils in Po land, as they are vul ner a ble to wa ter con tent vari a tions in the ac tive zone, which re sult in their vol ume change and, in con se quence, cause dam age of foun da tions and other con struc tion el e ments. A num ber of phys i cal, chem i cal and min eral prop er ties were de ter mined for these clays. The swell ing tests were car ried out on sam ples precompacted in Proc tor ap pa ra tus, at var i ous ini tial val ues of wa ter con tent. The anal y ses have shown ex po nen tial re la tion of swell in dex, swell ing pres sure and suc tion ver sus wa ter con tent. In ad di tion, the in ves ti gated re la tion ship be tween the suc tion and swell char ac ter is tics of tested clays shows good cor re la tion as a power func tion be tween these pa ram e ters. In ad di tion, va lid ity of cor re la tions be tween fit ting pa ram e ters of ob tained re la tion ships and soil in dex prop er ties, such as clay frac tion, liq uid limit, plas tic ity in dex, cat ion ex change ca pac ity, and con tent of clay min er als and beidellite, have been dem on strated. The em pir i cal re la tions are char ac ter ized by high val ues of the cor re la tion co ef fi cient. A very high fit has also been found for a pro posed re la tion ship be tween the swell in dex and swell ing pres sure for tested clays.
wrzykraj, P. 2016. Stress-strain behaviour analysis of Middle Polish glacial tills from Warsaw (Poland) based on the interpretation of advanced field and laboratory tests. Acta Geologica Polonica, 66 (3), 561-585. Warszawa.The selected parameters of the Wartanian and Odranian tills, with relation to their spatial occurrence, grain size distribution, mineralogical composition, matric suction and other physical characteristics, are presented. The assessment of the lithogenesis and stress history on the microstructure is attempted. The comparison of the compression and permeability characteristics from field and laboratory tests has been performed. Laboratory consolidation tests carried out with up to 20MPa vertical stress, revealed two yield stress values, one in the range of a couple hundreds kPa, the other in the range of a couple thousands kPa. Based on those results, the reliability of the soil preconsolidation assessment, with the use of the two different methods is discussed. The aspect of the triaxial strength reduction under the dynamic loading of diverse frequency and amplitude is raised. The research results depict a variety of possible geological-engineering characteristics, under the divergent constraints scenarios, of compression or strength weakening origin. The effects of the specialized research program will widen the possibilities of physio-mechanical and structural characterization of soils for geological-engineering purposes.
Not all deformational structures are tectonic in nature. Those that do not form under the influence of endogenic causes, but are the result of, for example, gravity, compaction or diapiric extrusion, are referred to as non‐tectonic phenomena. An example of such deformation is the steep and overturned dips of Callovian and Oxfordian layers in the gently folded Mesozoic cover of the Holy Cross Mountains. Their steepening was a result of processes taking place in the underlying ductile formations of Keuper–Rhaetian (Upper Triassic) and Bathonian, slightly enhanced by glaciotectonics. The latter are dominated by claystones, with a minor share of mudstones and sandstones. Their plasticity was due to a significant share of mixed‐layer minerals of smectite‐illite type, which under conditions of high water could swell. Low‐density water‐saturated clays were extruded from under the edge of a limestone slab leading to its deformation. The diapiric flow of the clay‐mass was stimulated by low temperature, high water saturation of rocks and mechanical disintegration associated with freeze–thaw processes during the Pleistocene.
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