Involving child and youth advisors in academic research about child participation: The child and youth advisory committees of the international and Canadian Child Rights Partnership', Children and youth services review.
Crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua tornaram-se um fenômeno comum para aqueles que circulam pelas áreas centrais das grandes cidades brasileiras. Embora essa seja uma questão social complexa, ela ainda é marcada pela invisibilidade na agenda política nacional. Este artigo visa contribuir para o aprofundamento do debate contemporâneo sobre o tema, analisando-o em suas múltiplas dimensões, a partir do levantamento da produção acadêmica nacional sobre população infantil e adolescente em situação de rua, publicada entre 2000 e 2015. As autoras destacam importantes aspectos abordados por pesquisadores de todo o país, muitos dos quais questionam as tipificações e as crenças que homogeneizavam este grupo, contribuindo para a compreensão dos aspectos culturais e históricos que caracterizam esses sujeitos. Estes estudos abordam, ainda, a importância fundamental das políticas públicas, assinalando que, embora a responsabilidade do estado sobre esta população esteja prevista em uma série de instrumentos legais e planos governamentais, os direitos de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua ainda carecem de priorização, efetivação e monitoramento para que façam alguma diferença em suas vidas.
The children's rights and child protection sectors are at a critical juncture: will they evolve to reflect and respond to changing conceptualisations in the 21st century or will they continue to reproduce 19th‐ and 20th‐century preoccupations with saving child victims? Informed by systematic reviews of the English‐ and Latin American academic literature in Spanish and Portuguese and key informant interviews with international stakeholders, this paper fosters global dialogue with some Global South and Global North perspectives about the interconnections of children's rights. It explores current conceptualisations of child participation and protection, and concludes that children's rights will only progress after recognition of limitations inherent to current conceptualisations.
Percepções e experiências de participação cidadã de crianças e adolescentes no Rio de JaneiroResumo: Este artigo discute os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com crianças e adolescentes sobre suas percepções e experiências de participação, cidadania, direitos e responsabilidades 1 . O estudo foi conduzido em escolas públicas e privadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, e realizado com crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua e do Movimento Sem-Terra (MST). A pesquisa abordou questões relativas às dimensões sociais, econômicas e políticas, assim como, as percepções de gênero em relação aos direitos e à participação. O estudo demonstrou que as crianças e os adolescentes apresentam uma noção ampla sobre participação e os demais conceitos. E revelou também que estão conscientes de que os seus direitos são, com freqüência, ignorados e violados. Esta pesquisa é parte de um estudo internacional realizado paralelamente em seis países e que abarcou a mesma temática e metodologia de trabalho. Palavras-chave: direitos da criança, cidadania, participação.
Perceptions and Experiences of Citizen Participation of Children and Adolescents in Rio de JaneiroAbstract: This article discusses the results of a study of children's and adolescent's perceptions and experiences with participation, citizenship, rights and responsibilities. The study was conducted in public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro and with children and adolescents living on the streets and from the Landless Farmers Movement (MST). The study addressed questions related to social, economic and political issues as well as perception of gender in relation to rights and participation. The study demonstrated that children and adolescents have a broad notion of their participation and of other concepts. It also reveals that they are aware that their rights are frequently ignored and violated. This study is part of an international study conducted in parallel in six countries with the same themes and methodology.
This article explores the ideas behind the promise of citizenship to children in Brazil. The human rights of children has become a very important issue in Brazil. This has been especially true since the inclusion of Article 227 in the 1988 Constitution referring to children’s rights and the approval of the Statute on the Child and the Adolescent in 1990, less than a year after the ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The article examines the changing discourse connected to what was promised and what the law actually accomplished. The conclusion focuses on some of the most relevant improvements affecting children’s lives and some of the remaining challenges Brazilians face in the attempt to keep the promises made in the Constitution and the statute.
In general terms, this article presents a profile of the so-called `street children' of Latin America, outlining their main characteristics, their interpersonal relations and their daily life in the streets. Based on an extensive bibliography, it was possible to touch on various aspects of their experiences of life, very different from the experiences which are typical of a childhood within the confines of family and school. The compilation of the available data proved to be extremely rich as a source of information requiring further study. The various documents consulted revealed a great similarity in the conditions in which these children and adolescents live in different countries, particularly in the urban areas, and facilitate analysis at both regional and global levels.
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