<p><strong>Background</strong>: Agaves in Mexico are plants with great economic, gastronomic and cultural value. Despite the multiple forms of reproduction of plants belonging to the genus <em>Agave</em>, several of these species are threatened due to their slow growth, low percentage of seed viability, destruction of its habitat, excessive looting, interruption of its ripening cycle due to the use of their different organs,however, it has been posible to establish biotechnological techniques for its propagation, conservation and genetic improvement. <strong>Objective</strong>: At the present work were selected a representative species of Agave, one of them for pulque production (<em>A. salmiana</em>) (As) and the other one in the production of mezcal (<em>Agave marmorata</em>) (Am) with the aim to establish an efficient micropropagation protocol optimizing the concentrations of the citokinin benzylaminopurine (BA) and the auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on the <em>in vitro </em>morphogenesis of both species.<strong> Methodology: </strong>Two <em>in vitro </em>culture systems were conducted in three explants (zygotic embryonic axis (E1), <em>in vitro </em>meristematic zone (E2) and <em>ex vitro</em> meristematic zone (E3)). <strong>Results</strong>: Shoots regeneration was achieved in all tested experiments; the highest number of shoots in As was 23.8 for explant using the E2 of directly regenerated <em>in vitro</em> germinated plants using a concentration of 10 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of BA, while in Am 24.7 shoots/explant were obtained with 5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of BA using the zygotic embryonic axis who throughing a callus phase. <strong>Implications</strong>: The results obtained help to understand the importance of developing specific micropropagation protocols for each species, as well as contribuiting in the masive multiplications of <em>A. salmiana</em> and <em>A. marmorata</em> by understanding the effect of cytokinin BA and auxin 2,4-D and their combination in the formation of shoots by direct and indirect organogenesis. This provides a conservation alternative and an opportunity to startgenetic improvment programs. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results of this research suggest that the choice of explant, multiplication system, species and plant growth regulators are the key to obtain a greater number of shoots with high <em>ex vitro</em> survival rates.</p>
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Plant tissue culture has been shown to be an efficient technique for the propagation of diverse <em>Agave</em> species using different <em>in vitro</em> regeneration processes. However, it has been demonstrated that genetic changes can occur in plants regenerated under these schemes, also called somaclonal variation. <strong>Objective:</strong> the objective of this study was to determine the genetic fidelity of plantlets regenerated from three different explants (mature zygotic embryonic axis, <em>in vitro</em> plantlet meristematic zone, and <em>ex vitro</em> plantlet meristematic zone) using two pathways of micropropagation (direct and indirect organogenesis) of <em>A. salmiana</em> and <em>A. marmorata</em>. <strong>Methodology:</strong> somaclonal variation of the obtained clones was evaluated using different DNA markers, such as anchored simple inter-sequence repeat (ASSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). <strong>Results: </strong>the results show that only in those clones that undergo a callus phase and, consequently, indirect organogenesis, somaclonal variation was observed. In contrast, those clones obtained by direct organogenesis were genetically stable, it means not polymorphic bands were observed. <strong>Implications:</strong> it was achieved an efficient propagation protocol for <em>A. salmiana</em> and <em>A. marmorata</em>, maintaining genetic stability of regenerated plantlets as well as a possible alternative for genetic improvement by observing somaclonal variation via indirect organogenesis in both evaluated species. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> in this research, the micropropagation pathway (direct and indirect organogenesis) was the determining factor to maintain or not the genetic fidelity of the regenerated plants in both species of <em>Agave</em> used.</p>
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