Since the mid-1990s, the cultivation of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) has rapidly decreased in Germany and other countries in Central Europe because of the occurrence of Colletotrichum lupini, the causal agent of the fungal disease anthracnose, and the lack of varieties with a sufficient resistance towards this disease. To reestablish the relevance of cultivating white lupins, the development of new varieties with improved resistance is vital. In the study presented here, new breeding lines were evaluated from 2012 to 2014 on a total of five experimental sites in Germany. In each year, at least on one site a high disease pressure with good differentiation built up from natural seed infestations, so that evaluation and further selection for resistance was possible in all 3 years. The breeding lines showed improved performance of resistance towards C. lupini (anthracnose disease score 3.8 on average of all breeding lines and environments) compared to the reference varieties (anthracnose disease score 5.8). Improved resistance had a favorable effect on grain yield, particularly in environments with high disease pressure, and yield stability. Average grain yields were 2.6 t ha−1 for the breeding lines and 1.5 t ha−1 for the reference cultivars. Among the tested range of white lupins, the breeding material showed consistently higher grain yields on average of all environments compared to the rather low and variable yielding reference cultivars. The alkaloid content varied among environments and breeding lines
Colletotrichum trifolii, the causal agent of southern anthracnose, is a major fungal disease in red clover (Trifolium pratense) and lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa), with varietal differences reported. However, results on the reactions of other fodder legumes grown in Central Europe are limited. In this study, a greenhouse test for resistance evaluated the response of T. repens, T. alexandrinum, T. incarnatum, T. resupinatum, Lotus corniculatus, M. lupulina, Onobrychis viciifolia, Vicia sativa, and V. villosa against C. trifolii compared with M. sativa. Conditions of the test were not suitable for T. alexandrinum and the two Vicia species; however, T. repens, T. resupinatum, and L. corniculatus proved highly resistant against the fungus. The other species showed mean plant survival rates of 61.5–84.7%.
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterreneaL. Verdc.) is an important crop produced in Adamawa State of Nigeria. However, the production of the crop is seriously threatened by root-knot nematodes (RKNs;Meloidogyne spp.). Since cultural methods have not been very effective in controlling RKN, carbofuran was evaluated to determine its efficacy in controllingM. javanicain Yola during 2002 and 2003. Three bambara groundnut cultivars (Kwachanjiwa, Kwaheuma, and Kwatolotolo) were evaluated using three application timings (at planting, 3 and 6 weeks after planting, and none). Results indicated that applying carbofuran at planting provided the greatest reduction inM. javanicapopulation levels, which lead to increased yields in bambara groundnuts compared to the other two application timings. Furthermore, both Kwachanjiwa and Kwatolotolo provided similar high yields compared to Kwaheuma, which was most likely related to theM. javanicatolerance in these cultivars.
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