Introduction: Hygienic education and training of the population are the mechanisms of interaction with the population of the Russian Federation recognized by the scientific community, contributing to the improvement of the culture of health in the society, the level of which has an impact on the sanitary and epidemiological situation and demographic indicators of the country. One of the most important components of hygiene training nowadays is the procedure of occupational hygiene training and certification aimed at constant improvement of the level and quality of knowledge in the field of hygiene and epidemiology among employees of epidemiologically significant facilities. Objective: To consider prerequisites for the development of the system of hygienic training in the Russian Federation and to substantiate the importance of maintaining occupational hygiene training and certification in view of the experience gained. Materials and methods: We have searched Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, RSCI, and eLIBRARY.RU for recent papers with the non-zero Hirsch index (h-index) and/or the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) using the following keywords: health education, hygienic education, and hygienic upbringing. We then selected 45 materials published in 1997–2022 (60 % of them – over the past five years) and containing the above keywords in the title. Results: The article considers historical aspects of the development of such methods of disease prevention as health education accompanying the formation of the sanitary and epidemiological service in the country. It shows that the pivotal points contributing to further legislative regulation of occupational hygiene training and certification in Russia were such historical milestones as wartime and urbanization, which entailed so-called “public health crises”. It also substantiates the relevance of the currently existing system of occupational hygiene training and certification, describing its further development paths determined with account for digitalization of the information space in the Russian Federation, and of implementation of specific tasks aimed at improving the demographic situation in the country.
The object of the study is the currently existing system of professional hygienic training and certification as an integral component of hygienic training and education of citizens. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the risk-based approach in the implementation of professional hygiene training and certification, and the attempt to integrate this legislatively fixed phenomenon into the structure of preventive measures. There were used the analytical method for evaluation of regulatory and legal documentation, documentation of the Federal Medical Institution “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region”, as well as literary sources on the subject of research of such information resources as Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, RSCI, eLibrary.RU mainly for the last 5 years (90% of the total number of cited sources). There was analyzed the experience of the existence of a risk-oriented approach in the implementation of activities in various areas (including the activities of Rospotrebnadzor bodies and subordinate institutions on the example of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region), as well as to propose and test a risk-oriented model in the implementation of professional hygiene training and certification of employees in epidemiologically significant objects. The methodology of this procedure involves ranking the positions of personnel of epidemiologically significant facilities based on their attitude to the labour/technological process into 3 groups. In proportion to belonging to a particular rank group, the frequency, volume, and form of professional hygiene training and certification are reasoned. A methodology is proposed for the introduction of legally fixed components of the hygienic training system into the structure of preventive measures of Rospotrebnadzor bodies to get rid of formalization in the mode of constant monitoring of the level of knowledge of sanitary and epidemiological orientation of employees in epidemiologically significant facilities. Thus, the integration of the risk-oriented model into the system of hygienic training will in the future prevent a decrease in the quality of knowledge in the field of hygiene and epidemiology among employees in epidemiologically significant facilities and positively affect the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the country.
For the first time, the term «health information» was used in the countries of the Soviet Union (USSR). The term implied a preventive type of educational work. Aimed was to eliminate the ignorance of the population in hygiene and epidemiology in order to prevent the spread of infectious and non-communicable diseases and strengthen public health. In the future, in the USSR, and then in the Russian Federation, it was legislated that employees of epidemiologically significant facilities (previously — decreed contingents) undergo professional hygienic training and certification as one of the conditions for admission to professional activity. At present, there are various programs of hygienic training for officials of organizations that are enpaped in production, storage, transportation and sale of food, drinking water, education and training of children and adolescents, municipal and household services of the population. The above-mentioned programs are implemented within the framework of professional hygienic training and certification regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 229 dated June 29, 2000 «On professional hygienic training and certification of officials and employees of organizations», which indicates the relevance of this procedure in improving the level of hygienic culture of the population, preventing the spread of infectious and mass non-communicable diseases, the formation of behavioral skills aimed at strengthening human health, public health and improving living standards. This article is a reflection of the analysis of the prerequisites for the emergence and functioning of the existing system of occupational hygiene training and certification with the identification of its main advantages and disadvantages, and also suggests ways and means of improving it, including in the conditions of a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19.
Nowadays, almost all areas of life are actively using digital technologies. The transition to mass digitalization of the information space, on the one hand, made it easier to fulfill many of the tasks facing modern people, but on the other hand, set him others related to the adaptation of familiar processes to digital format. This process is also the pedagogical, in particular, the «student-teacher» system. The system of professional hygiene training and certification, in turn, is also a pedagogical process that, in modern conditions, including the spread of a new coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19, had to be carried out in practice using electronic remote technologies. As a result, the quality and effectiveness of hygienic education have been reduced, which is unacceptable in real conditions, since hygienic education is an integral component of medical prevention, strengthened in 1977 in the Collegium of the Ministry of Health of Russia and mandatory for уmployees of epidemiologically significant organizations associated with production, storage, transportation and the sale of food products, drinking water, the upbringing and education of children and adolescents, public utilities and consumer services. In this article, an attempt was made to justify the dependence of the quality of the service «Professional hygienic training and certification» by an educational organization in electronic and remote format on the digital literacy (digital competence) of students using the method of statistics and the analytical method, and also proposed ways to optimize the pedagogical process when using computer technologies.
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