The new GenoType MTBDRsl assay (Hain Lifescience) detects mutations most frequently associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones (FLQ), aminoglycosides/cyclic peptides (AG/CP), and ethambutol (EMB) and thus, enables rapid identification of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. A set of 19 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains isolated in Serbia in 2011 was tested by the MTBDRsl assay and by conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST). The sensitivity and specificity of the MTBDRsl assay were as follows: 100% for both for FLQ; 100% for both for AG/ CP; and 58.3% and 85.7%, respectively, for EMB. The sensitivity for detection of XDR strains was 100%. Mutations in the gyrA, rrs, and embB genes established in local M. tuberculosis strains resistant to the respective drugs have been reported as the most prevalent in other studies as well. We recommend the MTBDRsl assay as a screening test for the preliminary detection of XDR-TB cases in Serbia, but not as a replacement of the conventional second-line DST. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 175039
In this study, the focus was on the effects of sub-MICs of the antibiotics on adherence, hydrophobicity, and biofilm formation by two groups of Streptococcus pyogenes strains, which were responsible for different clinical cases. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of sub-MICs of penicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, and clindamycin on adherence, surface hydrophobicity, and biofilm biomass in two selected collections of group A streptococcus (GAS): strains isolated from carriers (CA) and strains isolated from patients with tonsillopharyngitis (TPh). Isolates were tested for hydrophobicity to xylene, adherence, and biofilm production in uncoated microtiter plates before and after treatment with 1/2 and 1/4 MICs of antibiotics. Penicillin reduced adherence and biofilm production in TPh strains, whereas ceftriaxone diminished adherence and biofilm formation in CA group. On the contrary, clindamycin enhanced adherence and biofilm production in both groups of strains. Erythromycin did not significantly alter adherence, but triggered biofilm production in both groups of isolates. Hydrophobicity of both groups of strains was significantly reduced after exposure to all antibiotics. Beta-lactams displayed anti-biofilm activity; penicillin diminished both adherence and biofilm production in TPh strains, whereas ceftriaxone reduced it in strains isolated from CA.
Abstract:In numerous recent papers plasma chemistry of non equilibrium plasma sources operating at atmospheric pressure has been linked to plasma medical effects including sterilization. In this paper we present a study of the effectiveness of an atmospheric pressure plasma source, known as plasma needle, in inhibition of the growth of biofilm produced by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Even at the lowest powers the biofilms formed by inoculi of MRSA of 10 4 and 10 5 CFU have been strongly affected by plasma and growth in biofilms was inhibited. The eradication of the already formed biofilm was not achieved and it is required to go to more effective sources.PACS (2008)
This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive report into the local
pattern of mycobacterial isolation. We used the GenoType MTBC and CM/AS
assays (Hain Lifescience) to perform speciation of 1 096 mycobacterial
cultures isolated from respiratory specimens, one culture per patient, in
Serbia over a 12-month period. The only species of the Mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex (MTBC) identified in our study was M. tuberculosis, with
an isolation rate of 88.8%. Ten different species of nontuberculous
mycobacteria (NTM) were recognized, and the five most frequently isolated
species were, in descending order, M. xenopi, M. peregrinum, M. gordonae, M.
avium and M. chelonae. In total, NTM isolates accounted for 11.2% of all
isolates of mycobacteria identified in pulmonary specimens. Our results
suggest that routine differentiation among members of the MTBC is not
necessary, while routine speciation of NTM is required. [Projekat
Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 175039]
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