This reviewgives a brief overview of current research regarding potential mechanisms ofglycemic control influence on refractive error. The aim isto emphasizethe importance ofunderstanding the relationship ofblood glucose concentration and refractive changes as one of thecommon but overlooked diabetic complications.

The most important factors in the prognosis of postoperational visual acuity for wartime open globe eye injuries were: (1) preoperative condition of the eye, (2) localization and extent of the wound, (3) presence, size and nature of foreign bodies, and (4) adequate surgical treatment in specialized institutions.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular malignancy in adults with a stable incidence rate between five and seven cases per million in Europe and the United States. Although UM and melanoma from other sites have the same origin, UM has different epidemiological, biological, pathological and clinical features including characteristic metastatic hepatotropism. Despite improvements in the treatment of primary tumours, approximately 50% of patients with UM will develop metastases. In 90% of cases the liver is the first site of metastasis, however the mechanisms underlying this hepatic tropism have not been elucidated. Metastatic disease is associated with a very poor prognosis with a median overall survival of 6 to 12 months. Currently, there is no standard systemic treatment available for metastatic UM and once liver metastases have developed, prognosis is relatively poor. In order to prolong survival, close follow-up in all patients with UM is recommended for early detection and treatment. The treatment of metastatic UM includes systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. Liver-directed therapies, such as resection, radioembolization, chemoembolization, immunoembolization, isolated and percutaneous liver perfusion as well as thermal ablation represent available treatment options. However, to date a consensus regarding the optimal method of treatment is still lacking and the importance of setting guidelines in the treatment and management of metastatic UM is becoming a priority. Improvement in knowledge and a better insight into tumour biology, immunology and metastatic mechanism may improve current treatment methods and lead to the development of new strategies paving the way for a personalized approach.

BackgroundOphthalmia neonatorum, or neonatal conjunctivitis, is an acute infection that occurs within the first 28 days of life. This aim of this survey was to evaluate the current methods of preventive treatment for ophthalmia neonatorum in maternity hospitals in Croatia.Material/MethodsThe annual hospital birth rate in Croatia is approximately 40,000. A clinical survey was undertaken with data collected using questionnaires sent to all 32 maternity hospitals in Croatia. There was a 100% response rate to the questionnaires.ResultsPreventive treatment for ophthalmia neonatorum was administrated to all newborns in 75% (24/32) of Croatian maternity hospitals. In 45.8% of maternity hospitals, (11/32) these procedures were performed within the first hour after birth. In 54.2% of maternity hospitals (13/32), preventive treatment for ophthalmia neonatorum was administrated to all newborns from one to three hours after birth. The main treatment agent was tobramycin (83.3%). Other topical prophylactic treatments included povidone-iodine (8.3%), erythromycin (4.2%), and silver nitrate (4.2%). In 25% of obstetric units, prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum was not used routinely, but in cases of diagnosed neonatal conjunctivitis, antibiotic treatment with tobramycin was mainly used.ConclusionsA survey of all 32 maternity hospitals in Croatia showed variation in the prevalence of preventive treatment for ophthalmia neonatorum and the methods used. These findings support the need to implement standardized preventive measures that both conform to international clinical guidelines and recognize treatment availability in Croatia, where topical povidone-iodine is currently preferred for the prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum.

Background Smoking is a big public health problem that represents a risk factor for the onset and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. The physician and the patient are partners in the treatment process in which mutual understanding and cooperation lead to betterment. Objectives Assessing patient compliance investigating the efficiency of spoken medical advice in quitting smoking in patients smokers with rheumatoid arthritis. Type of Research Observational, multicenter. Methods The research included ninety-six patients (82 women, 14 men; average age 60.2 + 11.99) with rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed based on modified criteria of the American College of Rheumatology from 1987. All the patients were from continental Croatia, recruited in cooperation between two rheumatology departments. Out of the total number of patients there were twenty smokers (20.8%) and 76 non-smokers (79.2%). DAS28CRP values of disease activity were analyzed, as well as the patient's assessment of disease activity on a visual analogue scale (on a 10cm visual analogue scale – VAS) in smokers and non-smokers. Smokers were given short, spoken advice about the harms of smoking, and advice to quit smoking. The results of efficiency of spoken advice to quit smoking in smokers with RA were analyzed after 1 month, and descriptively presented. Results Average duration of rheumatoid arthritis was 11.8 + 9.90 years. DAS28CRP and VAS values were analyzed in smokers and non-smokers, and no statistically significant difference was noticed between study groups (p>0.05), although the medial VAS value of pain in non-smokers was 5, and in smokers 6. In 45% of non-smokers and in 30% of smokers the DAS28CRP value was between 3.2 and 5.1. 20% of non-smokers and 30% of smokers had the DAS28CRP value >5.1. After spoken medical advice to quit smoking, two patients (10%) quit smoking in the period of one month. Conclusions Spoken medical advice to quit smoking in patients smokers with RA was efficient in a small number of patients, which raises the question about patient compliance in general. KEY WORDS rheumatoid arthritis, smoking, spoken medical advice, patient compliance Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3314