Opportunity of the solar flares (SFs) prediction observing the solar neutrino fluxes is investigated. In three neutrino generations, the evolution of the neutrino flux traveling the coupled sunspots (CSs) which are the SF source is considered. It is assumed that the neutrinos possess both the dipole magnetic moment and the anapole moment while the magnetic field above the CSs may reach the values [Formula: see text] Gs, display the twisting nature and posses the nonpotential character. The possible resonance conversions of the solar neutrino flux are examined. Since the [Formula: see text] resonance takes place before the convective zone, its existence can in no way be connected with the SF. However, when the solar neutrino flux moves through the CSs in the preflare period, then it may undergo the additional resonance conversions and, as a result, depleting the electron neutrinos flux may be observed.
The behavior of the neutrino flux in vortex and twisting magnetic fields is considered within the left-right symmetric model. By way of illustration of the magnetic fields we discuss the magnetic fields of the coupled sunspots (CS's) which are the sources of the future solar flares. It is expected that the neutrinos have such multipole moments as the charge radius, the magnetic and anapole moments. The evolution equation in the Schrodinger-like form is found and all magnetic-induced resonance conversions are analyzed. It is demonstrated that in the case of the super flares one may detect the depletion of the ν eL neutrinos caused by their resonance absorptions when they travel through the CS magnetic fields. Observations of this phenomena could be carried out at neutrino telescopes of the next generation whose work is based on the reaction of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering.
The paper focuses on the post-apocalyptic novels by J. G. Ballard The Wind from Nowhere (1961) and Last and First Men by Olaf W. Stapledon (1930), by analysing scientific phenomena and discoveries employed in these novels, in which the novum is used as the springboard for the observations about human nature and human futurity. These novels can serve as a warning to mankind and may be seen as allegorical representations of the breakdown of society facing existential threats. Not only do both writers in these novels use the latest achievements in quantum physics and astrophysics, but they also provide profound psychological analysis of the human species doomed to inevitable extinction. Stapledon and Ballard suggest that negative human features such as unquenchable thirst for money and power, egoism, irresponsibility can also lead to wars and ecological catastrophes causing the extinction of the human species. These novels can serve as a warning to the humankind and as a call to combine the great powers of science, common sense, and the best human qualities in order to solve problems threatening the existence of humankind, from the climate change to a supernova explosion.
Arthur Clarke has claimed to be influenced by Stapledon, especially by his Last and First Men and Star Maker. Clarke wrote about the latter that it is "[p]robably the most powerful work of imagination ever written. " He was inspired not only by the Stapledon's grandeur of visions of the future and of the cosmos but also by the aim and scope of Star Maker. Stapledon admits that the purpose of the narrator's voyage in Star Maker was "[n]ot only to explore the depths of the physical universe, but to discover what part life and mind were actually playing among the stars […]". The narrator, as well as Stapledon himself, was possessed by "A keen hunger… for insight into the significance of men and of any manlike beings in the cosmos. " Also the works by Arthur Clarke demonstrate the same Stapledonian keen hunger for the insight into the significance of men and other beings in the cosmos, as well as into the destiny of life and mind in the universe. Clarke's novels (Childhood's End, 2001: A Space Odyssey, etc.) clearly manifest his deep interest in the predestination of life in general and intelligent life in particular. This paper studies Clarke's ideas about the destiny of life and mind in the universe expressed in his Childhood's End and confronts them with the ideas of Stapledon in Star Maker and Last and First Men. The paper analyses Clarke's response to and elaboration of such important issues raised by Sta
Various research convincingly demonstrated positive influence of certain sports and physical exercises on brain and brain functions in general, and on cognitive functions in particular. As it has been demonstrated, efficient and well-developed cognitive functions enhance all human activities and are of crucial importance for learning. In particular, this paper focuses on the positive correlation between certain sports and language learning and its relevance to the Second Language Acquisition studies (SLA). In SLA, students' ability to process input strongly depends on their cognitive abilities, namely, their abilities to process audio and visual input. As various researchers demonstrated, some sports enhance sportsmen's abilities of audio and visual perception; these developed cognitive abilities may, in turn, enhance SLA process. The paper analyses some data collected during the experiments with three groups of students, age 20-23: basketball players, judo wrestlers and control group whose members practiced sports only 2h/week. Three groups were exposed to three types of stimuli: (reverse chess pattern, tone click, flash of light); their brain activity was monitored by EEG. The obtained results demonstrated that basketball players manifested better-developed cognitive abilities responsible for the perception of audio and video stimuli. They were also faster in making decisions on the basis of the video/audio stimuli perceived. Similar results were obtained by American psychologists (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign). Their study involved 87 Brazilian volleyball players and 67 persons who don't practice sports. The results were published in Frontiers in Psychology. Experiments have shown that athletes are usually better in controlling their reactions and are able to slow down their reactions, if necessary. According to the professor of Psychology Arthur Kramer, one of the authors of the research, "Athletes can perceive information faster and switch quicker between different tasks than those who don't practice sports." During the experiment, all the participants were asked to perform tasks to test their cognitive abilities (information perception, memory, reactions). The most interesting discovery was that the athletes had significant cognitive advantages over women and men who had not practiced sports. Volleyball players were faster in reactions, in noticing differences in the pictures, in identifying the missing details in puzzles. The process of auditory and visual perception and processing involves many neural structures: from primary units of signal processing sensors to higher levels of processing, responsible for stimuli recognition and decision-making. As it is known, individual waves of cognitive evoked potentials reflect the involvement of certain neural mechanisms of visual and auditory systems in processing and recognition of stimuli of corresponding modality. Wave characteristics can indirectly indicate working speed of specific units of the neural circuit and the number of neurons involved; it may allow measuring the influence of various sports training loads on the development of neural chains involved in audio/video stimuli perception, processing and decision-making. These aspects are also considered important for input processing in SLA. The paper analyses positive contribution of certain sports to learning in general, and Second Language Acquisition in particular, using neuroscience, psychological and socio-cultural approaches.
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