Objectives:
To determine the role of high resolution ultrasonography in evaluation of cross sectional area, maximum nerve fascicle thickness and thickness/width ratio of the median nerve and flexor retinaculum thickness in patients with hypothyroidism and to correlate it with the healthy volunteers.
Material and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted from February 2018 to October 2019 on 62 patients which included 32 clinically proven cases of hypothyroidism and 30 healthy volunteers. High resolution ultrasonography was performed using high frequency linear probes.
Results:
The most affected parameter was cross sectional area of median nerve at three levels, inlet/outlet ratio of CSA of the median nerve and thickness of flexor retinaculum in hypothyroidism patients in correlation with healthy volunteers. These parameters showed statistically significant p values. Maximum nerve fascicle thickness and thickness/width ratio of the median nerve showed no statistical significance in hypothyroid patients in correlation with healthy volunteers.
Conclusion:
High-resolution ultrasonography plays an important role in evaluating the changes occuring in cross sectional area of the median nerve, its inlet/outlet CSA ratio and flexor retinaculum thickness in hypothyroidism patients as correlated with the healthy volunteers.
Background: Obesity has become a common problem worldwide due to changes in lifestyle and food habits. Obesity has been associated with many chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, gallstones etc. Excessive adipose tissue through release of adipokines maybe a risk factor for derangements in iron parameters. Authors aim is to study Serum Iron, TIBC, and Serum Ferritin levels in Obese women (BMI >25 kg/m2) in age group of 16 to 45 years and its comparison with normal BMI women.Methods: The case control study was conducted on 100 patients divided into two groups. Group A included 50 patients of obese women (BMI >25 kg/m2) in age group of 16 to 45 years. Group B consists of 50 control patients in similar age group with BMI of 18-23 kg/m2. Serum Iron, TIBC, and Serum Ferritin levels were measured in both groups and compared.Results: The study showed significant derangements of iron parameters in obese women.Serum Ferritin was significantly raised (p<0.001) in obese women whereas Serum Iron and TIBC were significantly decreased in obese women as compared to control group. No significant difference was seen in Serum Hemoglobin and MCV.Conclusions: Obesity is associated with derangements in iron parameters in women of reproductive age group similar to derangements seen in chronic inflammatory state.
Objective: The objective of the current research work was to prepare polymeric nanoparticles of gemcitabine hydrochloride and then incorporate the drug-loaded nanoparticles into an in-situ gelling system to provide dual sustained release effect, whereby the duration of action, targeting action, dose as well as dose duration could be improved. Introduction: Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a first line therapy drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, which competes with new generations in the market, with its potential activity. The major physicochemical constraints and pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine hydrochloride such as poor permeability, less half-life, high dose has initiated many researchers to develop diverse modified release dosage forms. Materials and methods: Firstly, development of nanoparticles using chitosan and sodium TPP by ionic gelation method followed by dispersion of the suspended nanoparticles into thermo sensitive in situ gelling system of pluronic F-127 with carbopol 934. Results and discussion: The characterization and evaluation of the nanoparticles and its sol-gel system performed through particle size, zeta potential, TEM, XRD, DSC and other rheological properties like viscosity, gelation temperature and time. The % cumulative drug from optimized PNP’s (CTN7) andin situ gelling system (GIS5) was found to be 72% and 47% respectively after 24 hours. Conclusion: The development of gemcitabine hydrochloride nanoparticles incorporated into gel, used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer was unique and promising system for site specific dual sustained action.
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