Industry 4.0 leading towards fourth generation of industrialization is in the global news of every nation. Digitalization plays a pivotal role in the said process in which the prospects of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are of vital focus by different business houses cross sectors across the globe. The study enumerates the prospective procedural measures to be incorporated by various educational institutes catering to the futuristic industrial needs being a part of Industry 4.0 through collaborative approach. Moreover, it also delineates the dominant role of AR & VR as a means of new age learning mechanism in optimizing the youths fostering towards innovation and entrepreneurship through research and development by virtue of impedances of skill development in the form of short term and long term courses among students and faculties. This reverberates in deciphering the various industrial objections through formulation of startup entities thereby enhancing the economy through technological interventions. The multi functionality of AR and VR across different sectors like game technology, entertainment, tourism, medicine & healthcare, prehistoric studies, streams of engineering & technology, trade & commerce, architecture, education, life sciences and many more has been elucidated as a part of study objective in the mentioned paper.

We analyze the association between female directorship on the board and real earnings management in context of an emerging economy, in Bangladesh. To accomplish the task, we utilize a sample of 2193 firm-year observations listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange throughout the period 2000-2017. Our exploration indicates that the presence of female directors, the proportion of female directors on the board, as well as the presence of independent female director; all of these forms are positively associated with real earnings management. Therefore firms, with female director(s), tend to be involved in higher levels of earnings management through lower price discount, unfavorable credit facility and lower scales of production. This study also underscores that firms with female director(s) are more likely to abide by defensive financial reporting policies and they lean towards employing more income-decreasing earnings. On the other hand, their counterparts in firms with a less representation from female on the board are much less likely to engage in similar practices. So, the persistence of female directors may resolve the problem of income-increasing real earnings management in a significant manner. Additionally, we provide evidence that corporate governance plays a beneficial role in limiting real earnings management especially when the board appoints female director(s).

Industrialization is the crucial arm of an economy which is a dream for every single country on the globe. The theoretical term Industry 4.0 or Smart Factory delineates a societal and basic man comprehension of computerized innovative (digitalization) patterns which further subdivides the accompanying arrangements into Mobile gadgets, Internet of Things (IoT) stages, Location discovery advances, Advanced human-machine interfaces, Authentication and extortion identification, 3D printing, Smart sensors, Big information investigation and propelled calculations, Multilevel client communication and client profiling, Augmented reality / wearables, Cloud registering, haze figuring, man-made consciousness, AI, mechanical autonomy computerization and so forth. This paper manages the investigation of various parts of Industry 4.0 with it’s entomb connection with advancement and business cultivating towards big business manifestations and upgrade of worldwide economy through innovative intercessions.

The main purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the perceived service quality of the customer within grocery retailing from an Indian perspective. In this dissertation, data were collected from 403 customers who buy grocery from Big Bazaar and Reliance Fresh during February–July 2017 from Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. A quantitative approach using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20 is used, which caters to the exploratory nature of the work. Statistical techniques such as exploratory factor analysis, multiple regression, t-test and ANOVA have been used to test the hypotheses and answer the research questions. It can be inferred from this study that consumer behaviour is dependent on the demographic factors. Differences were also found with regard to the impact of service quality on the satisfaction and the loyalty of the customers. This research adds to the study on service quality in the grocery business of the global market by enriching the content of service quality dimensions applicable to the Indian grocery sector. Six key dimensions in the grocery sector have been identified. This will deepen the understanding of the explored factors of service quality, which can then be applied to the grocery stores.

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